Modern TVs

When is the price of Laser Television going down? When will Laser TV be affordable?

when will laser television be available to the consumer in retail stores? mitsubishi was developing it.?

Mitsubishi Laser vue television question!!? Does anyone know when the Mitsubishi Laser vue television will be out. I want to buy one really bad

What is the youngest age Eye Laser Surgery can be performed.? My Daughter is 12 and wears glasses which she hates. We got her contact lenses but due to how bad her eyesight is she can only get yearly ones because of the strength of them. She has seen adverts on the television about Eye Laser Surgery but I am sure there is an age limit to when it can be performed does anyone know.

Will television / the computer hinder my recovery from laser eye surgery? This past Tuesday I had PRK laser eye surgery to correct my vision. They informed me that I should avoid television and the computer for 24 hours after the surgery but didn't say anything about the days after that. I've been watching television and going on the computer for more and more time over the past 3 days. My eyes are no longer light sensitive and I can see fairly well - the only thing that is bothering me is the contacts that I have in my eyes to protect them (I'm getting them removed tomorrow :D). My dad insisted I should start watching television more since it will strengthen my eyes and I'm wondering if he's right? Thanks for any responses!

In the upcoming TV Wars, is Laser-Based (Mitsubishi) or SED television (Toshiba) likely to have better quality I don't see current CRT, LED and Rear projection TV's continuing in to the future -- what truly is likely to be the prevailing/better techology -- the Laser TV format championed by Mitsubishi, or Toshiba's SED technology. They both seem pretty "Hot" -- but I don't plan on updating my 1996 TV until I see a clear winner between thse two new technologies.

emerging television technologies? what are the emerging tv technologies.will you explain them.3d televisions,ip televisions,laser televisions, flexible televisions,holography technology.I need documents,pictures,pdf.you can give links too.I have homework.I am going to tell these for 10 minutes.you can give technical details.sorry for the bad english.

How does one perform laser eye surgery? I've found all the tools necessary around the house and eager to try it out. I'm unsure if the patient has to be sedated, as I have seen the surgery performed on television and they were wide awake. To get the eye prepared for surgery I will first tap on the cornea with a small piece of a gumdrop (peppermint) attached to a nail file. After this though, I am pretty much lost and would love some help!

Where in Belfast would you buy a television? I know Curry's and Laser and also checked the Argos catalogue. Any other ideas?

Is there some electronic device I could buy that would improve Laser Disc picture quality on an HDTV? My dad bought a 62 inch HDTV and I hooked up the Laser Disc Player and the quality of the picture is worse than it was on his 25 inch analog television. I am guessing it is due to the picture being blown up larger. Any advice? Is there a way you could make the picture smaller on the TV or something that will improve video quality? I am not expecting DVD quality but I would like for it to be decent for him and my mom.

Where would you buy a television in Belfast, Northern Ireland? Do you know any good shops, also small ones? I've been in Curry's and Laser and I am not really impressed. Maybe I'm spoiled from the huge shops in Germany.

I've heard that laser televisions will provide a better TV picture than plasma or lcd. Is this true? Apparently Mitsubishi demonstrated a 65 inch model at the CES 2008 show and it had a few people looking but as yet, no side by side comparisons. The company plans on introducing these are the market later this year. But I've noticed the price on plasma's and lcd's is falling fast. My plan is to wait until 2009 to go to high def from my old 36 inch CRT which actually isn't too bad when all is said and done.

Does a laser pointer harm the screen of LCD televisions?

Why do lasers have little dots in them? I was bored, playing around with my laser pointer, and despite what my science teacher, mother, and every other authority figure has told me, I shined it on my hand and looked at the point of light it made closely. I noticed a pattern of little black dots. If you were to speculate- what causes these? It looks kind of like static on an old television set.

Am I considered rich becuase I dont know how rich rich is? I wear brooks brothers and nordstrom clothes, I attend a private school, we have a blu-ray disk player with a very large television, our house if very large, I have my own laptop with my own laser printer. Is this considered being rich? And I am only in 8th grade.

Why is my fluorescent light flickering every time I use my printer? Problems began when my GFCI outlet would not reset in my basement office. The next thing I know, every time I print with my laser printer, the fluorescent light overhead flickers, as though there is not enough power coming to my office. With the exception of a large LCD television upstairs, I have not added any major appliances to my home electrical systems.

Is Laser EyeSurgery Safe for Astigmatism? I have a vision of 20/50 in my right eye and 20/40 in my left, i have astigmatism since i was a kid: cause of too much television..Currently, im using glasses almost 6 years from now, im 21 years old. im afraid that by going to a laser eye procedure will higher the risk of not seing forever.. I have a really bad eye-sight...i want it to be cured. i could'nt focus on my studies, i could'nt read properly,could'nt fallow the class sometimes and of this cowardly dilemma of mine. pls. anyone,(help me to encourage myself and decide what's the best treatment.)

Can you help me to combine the sentences? 1. It was a thrilling experience to meet the author of the book. We had been reading the book all semester. 2. People are interesting to watch. People use body language to express themselves. 3. She plans to marry her childhood sweetheart. She has known him sice they were five years old. 4. Student will be placed on probation. Their grade point averages fall below 2.0. 5. Laser beams were first predicted in science fiction stories seventy-five years ago. Laser beams are useful in both medicine and industry. 6. An antecedent is a word. A pronoun refers to this word. 7. When I take a vacation, I like to go to a place. There are no phones, computers or televisions there. I‘m a English as Second Language student, These sentences should use the second sentence as an adjective clause. I think about it long time, but I can not get the answers ,can you help me?

Dvd players never seem to last more than a couple of days when attached to my Plasma TV in my bedfroom. Why? I have tried several brand names & all have the same result. During playback suddenly the laser seems to get stuck & it makes a funny noise, then the DVD player will no longer read ANY disc & is essentially garbage. I have it on a new surge protector & have tried placing it it elsewhere but I am limited by the length of the cable. Also, I have a DVD player attached to 2 other televisions (both LCD) in the house, both have worked great for years. Could the plasma TV somehow have something to do with this, or should I call out the paranormal activity experts? Please help!

How do you reduce your eye deepness...? I don't want laser eye treatment, I find contacts really annoying and glasses are fine, but I want to reduce my eye deepness to a lower number. I'm not asking for any drugs or anything to reduce them, just tips. Spend less time on the computer and television?? ... hm.

Do UV rays come through my windows at home? I had laser surgery (PRK) on my eyes last Tuesday. They told me I need to wear sunglasses outside for six months because the UV rays can cause regression in my eye sight. My television is right by a large window and as I was watching a movie I was wondering if the UV rays that can cause regression were passing through my windows throughout my home? This past summer we had our windows replaced and I'm hoping there's something within the glass that doesn't allow these UV rays to pass through into my home.

Which of the following white people inventions is essential for human happiness? car, television, radio, infrared night vision, laser eye surgery, eyeglasses, bike, coke, radiotherapy, internet, gun, ship, airplane, submarine, nuke bomb, nuke electric power, light bulb, running water, sewage, computer, pen, clock, sunglasses, cellphone, telescope, microscope, book

Television show help? I was watching a show on the discovery or science channel and it was about if aliens invaded the earth what weapons they could have and what we might have they talked about rail guns, force fields, lightning guns, and lasers does anyone know what show i am talking about or if there is a way for me too look at the television schedules of these channels for the past 1-2 months thanks i have directv

Best comedy on television.? What's your favorite comedy? I personally love The Office. It's so out there, but it's so funny. Pam Beesley: [trying to make Dwight think that it's Friday] Hey, did you watch The Apprentice last night? Jim Halpert: Yeah, I can't believe who they kicked out! Pam Beesley: Oh, I know! Dwight Schrute: Damn it! I missed it! I was out drinking with my Laser Tage Team, I can't believe I did that! I never go out on Thursday nights.

What was this Television Show Called? It was this kid's show...I think it was on Cartoon Network, but it was about the inside of this boy's body, the bacteria and white blood cells acted like, and were in the shape of, humans. There was this white blood cell (that was actually blue) that acted like a black guy I think...and there was this vitamin that the boy took that shot stuff with his laser gun. And the plotline of every episode was like, about an infection in the boy, like if he got a pimple, they'd try to get rid of the pimple and if he had a fever, they'd try to get rid of the fever. It was a stupid show...but awesome and addicting. Any idea of what it was?

Anyone Remember An Alien Television Special That Ran During The Mid-90's? There was this show that scared the CRAP out of me when I was younger. If I HAD to guess, I'd say it came on FOX in '95. It was a one time thing about the home video of this guy who recorded everything from a UFO sighting to the the Alien encounter. There was a family in this lone house @ night. The Aliens started killing their cows with laser beams. And I think the family ran to the car to get some guns and one of them didn't come back. Then there was this ball of light that went flying around the family room knocking things over and scaring everyone. Then the guy who was recording went up into his room to reflect on what was happening. He was looking out of the window (Keep in mind that EVERYTHING in the show was seen through this guys camera, like Cloverfield) And when he turned around, he was staring with the alien FACE to FACE. Then he froze, the alien took the cam, turned it towards the boy and it went off. If you know the name of this or a link to it online, PLEASE tell me!

What other companies love the (defunct) television show Firefly? If you want to answer this question, you MUST know what Firefly is. For the past few years, I have found that MANY people loved this show. For example, DC comics made a cartoon show a few years back called Justice League (eventually renamed Justice League Unlimited). In one episode Morena Baccarin (Inara) did the voice of Black Canary while Gina Torres (Zoe) did the voice of Vixen. I simply thought this was a coincidence until I found another episode that featured Vixen (Zoe) and a cowboy superhero named Vigilante voiced by Nathan Fillion (Malcolm Reynolds) flying a space ship. A second example is an Xbox 360 video game created by Bungie was released last year called Halo 3: ODST. In this game Buck (Mal) leads a group of soldiers against invading aliens. In his crew he has the "heavy weapons specialist" named Dutch (voiced by Adam Baldwin a.k.a Jayne Cobb) and the pilot named Mickey (voiced by Alan Tudyk a.k.a Wash). The game had a quote from Dutch saying "here's Vera!!" while firing a laser and destroying an alien ship. Have their been other "reunions" like these and if there has, where?

Which inventions wouldn't exist without Einstein and why not? On http://einstein.biz/biography it says that; "Today, the practical applications of Einstein's theories include the development of the television, remote control devices, automatic door openers, lasers, and DVD-players." How did Albert Einstein contribute? For most off them, I guess he contributed with the Photoelectric effect, but I'd like to know how exactly. And is there anything else that wouldn't exist without Einstein? Let me rephrase my question: In which way did Einstein contribute to the technology of today?

Do monitors and televisions make you blind? im slightly short sighted could the laser from a supermarket scanner be the cause? or is it too much tv and computers?

I have really bad eyesight. How can I control my eyes? Well I try to limit myself on the computer and television. NOw maybe one hour a day? I read sometimes. Like I don't want to get LASER eye surgery when I grow up! RIght now, it's 575 for both eyes. Yes, and I'm only 14! I don't want to be 1000 or something. ANy tips? DO eating carrots help?

Strange question about lasers? So I was watching the news this morning and there was this news report about how a laser was pointed at an air plane. There was then a clip shown of a laser pointer moving around and it was pointed towards the camera for a few seconds. Is this potentially dangerous for our eyes when it's shown through a television screen?

write a paragraph in 100 words for electronic entertainment? using computers,televisions,music systems,laser shows

Are there any female inventors? Men cannot have babies,and it seems to me that nature compensates for that by allowing men the gift to invent things.All the major electronics,the light bulb,the television,radio,lasers,airplane,all invented by men.This isn't a sexist question because as I said,women can give life to a human being,whereas men give life to machines.Now,I could be wrong,but if I am i would like to know of one female inventor,and only facts,knowledge,and truth please.Opinions,beliefs and rhetoric will be deleted.Both sexes deserve credit for their creativity.So far the closest I have come to finding a female inventor is Madame Curie,but she was a pioneer who discovered things,she never invented any machines.Has there ever truly been a female inventor?

I want to heal my eye vision? I play on the computer and watch television alot even though I know its bad for my eyes I change my glasses every year or so. how can I heal my eye vision to be normal agian? I don't want anything like laser eye surgery. Its not that I don't like my glasses its just I am afraid to become blind

What is the name of this movie..? I remember back around 1999-2001 that I saw a movie on television. It was about a race between a white car and a black car where the white car were the good guys and the black car were the bad guys.. And at one point, the black car used a laser to cut the white car in half.. Do you know the name of this movie?

How old is Grandpa??? Stay with this -- the answer is at the end. It will blow you away. One evening a grandson was talking to his grandfather about current events. The grandson asked his grandfather what he thought about the shootings at schools, the computer age, and just things in general. The Grandfather replied, "Well, let me think a minute, I was born before: ' television ' penicillin ' polio shots ' frozen foods ' Xerox ' contact lenses ' Frisbees and ' the pill There were no: ' credit cards ' laser beams or ' ball-point pens Man had not invented: ' pantyhose ' air conditioners ' dishwashers ' clothes dryers ' and the clothes were hung out to dry in the fresh air and ' man hadn't yet walked on the moon Your Grandmother and I got married first, . . and then lived together. Every family had a father and a mother. Until I was 25, I called every man older than me, "Sir". And after I turned 25, I still called every man older than me, "Sir" We were before gay-rights, computer- dating, dual careers, daycare centers, and group therapy. Our lives were governed by the Ten Commandments, good judgment, and common sense. We were taught to know the difference between right and wrong and to stand up and take responsibility for our actions. Serving your country was a privilege; living in this country was a bigger privilege. We thought fast food was what people ate during Lent. Having a meaningful relationship meant getting along with your cousins. Draft dodgers were people who closed their front doors when the evening breeze started. Time-sharing meant time the family spent together in the evenings and weekends-not purchasing condominiums. We never heard of FM radios, tape decks, CDs, electric typewriters, yogurt, or guys wearing earrings. We listened to the Big Bands, Jack Benny, and the President's speeches on our radios. And I don't ever remember any kid blowing his brains out listening to Tommy Dorsey. If you saw anything with 'Made in Japan' on it, it was junk. The term 'making out' referred to how you did on your school exam. Pizza Hut, McDonald's, and instant coffee were unheard of. We had 5&10-cent stores where you could actually buy things for 5 and 10 cents. Ice-cream cones, phone calls, rides on a streetcar, and a Pepsi were all a nickel. And if you didn't want to splurge, you could spend your nickel on enough stamps to mail 1 letter and 2 postcards. You could buy a new Chevy Coupe for $600, . . . but who could afford one? Too bad, because gas was 11 cents a gallon. In my day: ' "grass" was mowed, ' "coke" was a cold drink, ' "pot" was something your mother cooked in and ' "rock music" was your grandmother's lullaby. ' "Aids" were helpers in the Principal's office, ' "chip" meant a piece of wood, ' "hardware" was found in a hardware store and ' "software" wasn't even a word. And we were the last generation to actually believe that a lady needed a husband to have a baby. No wonder people call us "old and confused" and say there is a generation gap... and how old do you think I am? I bet you have this old man in mind...you are in for a shock! Read on to see -- pretty scary if you think about it and pretty sad at the same time. This man would be only 59 years old

did anyone else's vision get worse during pregnancy? I had Laser eye surgery 6 years ago and I have been seeing very well...until I got pregnant. Since about 18 weeks I have notice my eyesight getting blurry. I'm currently 25 weeks and it is getting hard to watch television. I find myself squinting a lot. Should I go get glasses? will this go away? thx

How old is Grandma? How old is Grandma??? Stay with this -- the answer is at the end. It will blow you away. One evening a grandson was talking to his grandmother about current events. The grandson asked his grandmother what she thought about the shootings at schools, the computer age, and just things in general. The Grandma replied, "Well, let me think a minute, I was born before: ' television ' penicillin ' polio shots ' frozen foods ' Xerox ' contact lenses ' Frisbees and ' the pill There were no: ' credit cards ' laser beams or ' ball-point pens Man had not invented: ' pantyhose ' air conditioners ' dishwashers ' clothes dryers ' and the clothes were hung out to dry in the fresh air and ' man hadn't yet walked on the moon

How old is Grandmother? How old is Grandma? Stay with this -- the answer is at the end.? It will blow you away. One evening a grandson was talking to his grandmother about current events. The grandson asked his grandmother what she thought about the shootings at schools, the computer age, and just things in general. The Grandma replied, "Well, let me think a minute, I was born before: ' ----------television '---------- penicillin '---------- polio shots '---------- frozen foods '---------- Xerox '---------- contact lenses '---------- Frisbees and '---------- the pill There was no: '---------- Radar '---------- credit cards '---------- laser beams or '---------- ball-point pens Man had not invented: '---------- pantyhose '---------- air conditioners '---------- dishwashers '---------- clothes dryers '---------- and the clothes were hung out to dry in the fresh air and '---------- man hadn't yet walked on the moon Your Grandfather and I got married first, . . and then lived together! Every family had a father and a mother! Until I was 25, I called every man older than me, "Sir". And after I turned 25, I still called policemen and every man with a title, "Sir." We were before gay-rights, computer- dating, dual careers, day-care centers, and group therapy. Our lives were governed by the Ten Commandments, good judgment, and common sense! We were taught to know the difference between right and wrong and to stand up and take responsibility for our actions. Serving your country was a privilege; living in this country was a bigger privilege. We thought fast food was what people ate during Lent! Having a meaningful relationship meant getting along with your cousins! Draft dodgers were people who closed their front doors when the evening breeze started! Time-sharing meant time the family spent together in the evenings and weekends-not purchasing condominiums. What else was there in Grandma's youth? We never heard of FM radios, tape decks, CDs, electric typewriters, yogurt, or guys wearing earrings! We listened to the Big Bands, Jack Benny, and the President's speeches on our radios! And I don't ever remember any kid blowing his brains out listening to Tommy Dorsey! If you saw anything with 'Made in Japan ' on it, it was junk! The term 'making out' referred to how you did on your school exam! Pizza Hut, McDonald's, and instant coffee were unheard of! We had 5 &10-cent stores where you could actually buy things for 5 and 10 cents! Ice-cream cones, phone calls, rides on a streetcar, and a Pepsi were all a nickel! And if you didn't want to splurge, you could spend your nickel on enough stamps to mail 1 letter and 2 postcards! You could buy a new Chevy Coupe for $600, . . . but who could afford one? Too bad, because gas was 11 cents a gallon! In my day: '---------- "grass" was mowed, '---------- "coke" was a cold drink, '---------- "pot" was something your mother cooked in and '---------- "rock music" was your grandmother's lullaby.? '---------- "Aids" were helpers in the Principal's office,? '---------- "chip" meant a piece of wood, '---------- "hardware" was found in a hardware store and '---------- "software" wasn't even a word. And we were the last generation to actually believe that a lady needed a husband to have a baby. No wonder people call us "old and confused" and say there is a generation gap... and how old do you think I am? I bet you have this old lady in mind...you are in for a shock! - 59 Years young

Do you really think there is any truth to this. Are the younger generation really saying we are old.? How old is Grandpa??? Stay with this -- the answer is at the end. It will blow you away. One evening a grandson was talking to his grandfather about current events. The grandson asked his grandfather what he thought about the shootings at schools, the computer age, and just things in general. The Grandfather replied, "Well, let me think a minute, I was born before: ' television ' penicillin ' polio shots ' frozen foods ' Xerox ' contact lenses ' Frisbees and ' the pill There were no: ' credit cards ' laser beams or ' ball-point pens Man had not invented: ' pantyhose ' air conditioners ' dishwashers ' clothes dryers ' and the clothes were hung out to dry in the fresh air and ' man hadn't yet walked on the moon Your Grandmother and I got married first, . . . and then lived together. Every family had a father and a mother. Until I was 25, I called every man older than me, "Sir". And after I turned 25, I still called policemen and every man with a title, "Sir." We were before gay-rights, computer- dating, dual careers, daycare centers, and group therapy. Our lives were governed by the Ten Commandments, good judgment, and common sense. We were taught to know the difference between right and wrong and to stand up and take responsibility for our actions. Serving your country was a privilege; living in this country was a bigger privilege. We thought fast food was what people ate during Lent. Having a meaningful relationship meant getting along with your cousins. Draft dodgers were people who closed their front doors when the evening breeze started. Time-sharing meant time the family spent together in the evenings and weekends-not purchasing condominiums. We never heard of FM radios, tape decks, CDs, electric typewriters, yogurt, or guys wearing earrings. We listened to the Big Bands, Jack Benny, and the President's speeches on our radios. And I don't ever remember any kid blowing his brains out listening to Tommy Dorsey. If you saw anything with 'Made in Japan ' on it, it was junk. The term 'making out' referred to how you did on your school exam. Pizza Hut, McDonald's, and instant coffee were unheard of. We had 5 &10-cent stores where you could actually buy things for 5 and 10 cents. Ice-cream cones, phone calls, rides on a streetcar, and a Pepsi were all a nickel. And if you didn't want to splurge, you could spend your nickel on enough stamps to mail 1 letter and 2 postcards. You could buy a new Chevy Coupe for $600, . . . but who could afford one? Too bad, because gas was 11 cents a gallon. In my day: ' "grass" was mowed, ' "coke" was a cold drink, ' "pot" was something your mother cooked in and ' "rock music" was your grandmother's lullaby. ' "Aids" were helpers in the Principal's office, ' " chip" meant a piece of wood, ' "hardware" was found in a hardware store and ' "software" wasn't even a word. And we were the last generation to actually believe that a lady needed a husband to have a baby. No wonder people call us "old and confused" and say there is a generation gap... and how old do you think I am? I bet you have this old man in mind...you are in for a shock! Read on to see -- pretty scary if you think about it and pretty sad at the same time. This man would be only 59 years old

word problem.. help please..? in a video game a target appears on the left side of the television screen and moves at the rate of 2inches per second across the screen you fire a laser beam that travels 10 inches per second if the player tries to hit the target as soon as it appears at what angle should the laser beam be aimed? why would i make up a math problem? lol

Have you heard of the Blue Beam Project? It seems that some people know the Christian "rapture" is not going to happen (go figure) and they decided to make it happen artificially. READ ON: It involves two things. A technologically simulated "second coming" and the reemmrgence of new "MONTAUK" type projects that have the ability to take up a whole bunch of people as in a "rapture" type of situation and whisk the whole bunch into never-never land. Ironically, portions of the holographic projections have the potential for changing the planet into oneness with God. Unfortunately, this operates on the premise that Man shall somehow become God in human form and control other Men and dictate all actions and thoughts. The calculated resistance to the new religion, the New World Order and the new "Messiah" will entail human loss on a massive scale in the ensuing "holy wars".The "BLUE BEAM PROJECT" will pretend to be the universal fulfillment of the prophecies of old; as major an event as that which took place 2000 years ago. In principle, it will make use of the sky as a holographic projection screen for space-based laser-generating satellites (star wars). These projectors will project simultaneous images to the four corners of the planet, in every language by region. It deals with the religious aspect of the NEW WORLD ORDER. The "system" has already been tested. Holographic projections of the "CHRIST IMAGE" have already been seen in some remote desert areas. These have only been reported in tabloid papers, so they are instantly rendered moot. They can also project images of alien craft, aliens, monsters, angels - you name it. Computers will coordinate the satellites and software will run the show-and-tell. Hollography is based on very nearly identical signals combining to produce and image, or hologram, with depth perception. This is equally applicable to acoustic (ELF,VLF,LF) waves as it is to optical phenomena. Specifically, the "show" will consist of laser projections of multiple holographic images to different parts of the planet, each receiving different images according to the predominating regional religious faith. Not a single area will be excluded. With computer animation and sound effects appearing to come from the depths of space, astonished followers of the various creeds will witness their own returned Messiah in spectacularly convincing lifelike realness. The various images of Christ, Mohammed, Buddha, Krishna, etc., will merge into ONE after "correct explanation" of the mysteries, prophecies and revelations are disclosed. This "ONE GOD" will in fact function as the "Anti-Christ", who will "explain" that the various scriptures "have been misunderstood"- that the religious of old are responsible for turning brother against brother, nation against nation - that the religions of the world must be abolished to make way for the GOLDEN AGE (NEW AGE) of the One World Religion, representing the One God they see before them. Naturally, this superbly staged, full-scale production will result in social and religious disorder on a massive scale. Wonder what the television transmitters of religious networks will be doing on that day ? But before all this, they have to go through four different steps in order to get to Project Blue Beam. 1: The first step concerns the breakdown of all archaological knowledge. It deals with staging earthquakes at certain precise locations around the planet where supposed new "discoveries" will finally explain (for them) that the meanings of the basic doctrines of all the world`s major religions are "wrong." This falsification will be used to make the population believe that all religious doctrine has been misunderstood and misinterpreted. The falsification started with the film 2001: A Space Odessy, the TV-series STAR TREK, the STAR WARS films, E.T., all of which deal with space "invasion" and "protection". JURASSIC PARK, was to push the theory of evolution. 2: The second step deals with the gigantic space show: 3D optical holograms and sounds, laser projections of multiple holographic images in different parts of the world, each receiving a different image, according to its predetermined original national religious faith. This new "god" image will talk in all languages. As an exemple, the Soviets have manufactured the advanced computers and have programmed them with the minute psychological particles based upon their studies of the anatomy and biology of the human body, as well as their studies on the anatomy, chemistry and electricity of the humain brain. These computers have also been fed with the different languages of the world. 3: The third step deals with telepathic electronic two-way communication, where ELF(Extra Low Frequency), VLF (Very Low Frequency), and LF (Low Frequency) waves will reach the people of the earth through the insides of their brains, making each person believe that his own God is speaking to him from within his owm soul. Such rays, from satellite, are fed from the me

any eye doctor here?preferably from indian cities? hi doctor, i have been suffering from myopia(short sight i suppose) right from my 14years.now i am 23 years. i got my eyes checked earlier in 2003.since then i have not changed my lenses. i work as a software engineer and has to be in computer all the time. i do watch a lot of television programmes. i know that my eye sight would have been increased. my last sight was -4 in right eye and -4.5 in left eye. i came to know abt the laser treatement to avoid glasses. can i undergo the operation as such or should i take some preliminary checkups with the eye doctor. what is the cost of these laser treatement in indian rupees. and what will be the accuracy of this operation. hope some one will guide me..

With all these great things. What was so bad about the Nazi's? Statements on the Internet on what the Nazis invented/ contributed to the modern world Volkswagen KdF computer, invented by Konrad Zuse 1941. Jet plane in 1939 by Heinkel Flugzeugwerke. The first manned rocket flight in 1945 (unfortunately it lasted only some seconds and pilot Lothar Sieber died) Nazi doctors, in line with their campaign for public health were the first to write a major scientific paper linking smoking with lung cancer, I believe smoking was even banned, for a brief time in the Luftwaffee. Nazis invented Nerve gasses Sarin and Tabun. Invented first effective automatic rifle, single person anti-tank weapons (precursors to RPGs). You can see some magnificant architecture by Speer that was planned in nearly any documentary on the man. Autobahns Stealth technolgy was invented by the Horten brothers during the Reich. Audio technology using magnetic tape was a Third Reich invention. Copying German tape recorders was how the famous American corporation Ampex got its start. Magnetic tape was also essential later for the video tape recorder. Allies hadn't a clue how the Axis was transmitting speeches and programs hours apart to different locations and having them sound "live." It was top of the list of technologies to capture as the war concluded. Management systems for keeping massive and complex development programs on track was another "invention" transferred to the US, along with its scientists and project managers. These systems allowed the Germans to have developments underway in numerous categories and perform them remarkably well. The Wankel engine, which is now referred to as the "rotary engine" was invented during the Third Reich. Mazda uses this engine extensively. Someone mentioned the Autobahnen as really an idea thought up during the Weimar Republic. Yes, but that brings to light another achievement, and that is simply the will and energy to put unemployed workers to work doing things that needed to be done, something the Weimar government was totally inept at doing. "Parliamentary chaos" combined with acquiescence to WWI reparations were the problems. Missile technology: Ground-to-ground, air-to-air, air-to-ground, ground-to-air, ship-to-ship, etc., using wire guidance, TV guidance, IR guidance (everything but laser quidance). Most of these missiles were not at the highest form of development, but their work launched and made a bundle of money later on for corporations like Boeing, Raytheon, Hughes Aircraft, North American Aviation (Rocketdyne Div.), etc. All of these companies had their German "Chief Scientist" heading up research and development operations. The promising IR technologies were mostly all developed during the Third Reich. They had "night vision" devices while the Allies were still wondering if such things were possible. Modern sewer treatment facilities are all derived from Third Reich technology. You've probably seen them with their settling ponds and huge skimmers. While the Englishman, Farnsworth, gets credit for the invention of a very rudimentary television, it was the Third Reich that perfected television and conducted the first broadcasting. Application of geophones for seismic wave detection was used for locating artillary. The "wishbone cannon" was invented and installed at Calais, France. It was destroyed before it was operable. The "rail gun" was another significant invention, which the US and SU copied. This weapon employes a series of ring magnets to propell a rail mounted projectile. The significant feature of this "gun" is that it can accelerate the projectile at a speed nearing infinity -- at least in theory. Conventional explosives are limited by their individual, finite rates of expansion and hence constrained in how fast they can make a projectile move. The intial "invention" of the Third Reich that made everything possible was the breaking away from the international banking system, which made its money on debt finance; i.e., usury. This act was probably the most important event which caused WWII to later occur. In the Thirties the German economy was booming and all sorts of new humane benefits were granted to workers. Elsewhere, deep economic depression was underway, and Roosevelt, for instance, really couldn't get things to moving until we went into a war economy mode. In all, 300,000 patents and copyrights were expropriated from Germany by the Allies after 1945. The Fischer-Tropsch process to produce synthetic fuels from coal, which fueled Germany's armed forces throughout the war. The dicovery of the ingesting of faecal bacteria to cure gut problems http://www.rense.com/general4/bac.htm Dr Morell used his Mutaflor to treat Hitler's foul smelling stools. And used today as Symbioflor http://www.biosym.dk/english/produkt_symbioflor.htm The chemical enhancing of soldiers' ability to fight http://www.rense.com/general34/enhance.htm During the Nazi era, German scientists

URGENT PLZ CHECK IF THIS IS RIGHT !?? 10 points SCIENCE!! :D? does a optical fibre cable work like this ???????? Firstly the transmitter, the transmitter is a device which is found at the start of a Fibre Optical Cable network. The transmitter collects the information and turns it into a light wave which is sent along the Fibre Optical Cable. To increase the time travel along the fibre optical cable a lens is used. The core also plays a big part in the process of the workings of a Fibre Cable. Firstly the core of a Fibre optic cable is made of a shiny glass tube that transmits light. This light travels along the Fibre Optical Cable in a straight line. Most Fibre Optical Cables cant travel along a straight path, so the cladding of the core surrounds Unfortunately, not all fiber optic cables can be laid along a straight path, so the cladding surrounding the cable is mirrored. The light bounces off of the mirrors on the cladding and is directed back into the fiber optic core to continue its journey along the cable. Sometimes a light signal must travel through a fiber optic cable over a very long distance. Although signal degradation is minimal in a fiber optic cable, some degradation does occur. When a cable covers a long distance, optical regenerators are placed at certain intervals along the cable. Optical regenerators are fibers that have been treated with a laser. The molecules in the fiber allow the signal traveling through the fiber optic cable to take on laser properties themselves, which strengthens the light signal. Optical regenerators essentially strengthen the light signal that is traveling through a fiber optic cable. • At the end of the fiber optic network there is an optical receiver. This receiver is essentially performs the opposite function of the transmitter found at the beginning of the system. Optical receivers receive the light signal from the fiber optic able and turn it back into information that a computer or television know how to understand and use. It then sends the decoded signal to the computer or

Why aren't white males given the recognition they deserve? people ignore the fact that almost every scientific discovery, technological innovation, and everything else on which the modern world depends was created by white males. So How come people deny this? Below is just a fraction of what we have given the world Automobile Atomic bomb Ballistic missile Camerica clocks color television computer combustion engine compact disc compass electric motor guns hydrogen fuel cells ipod Internet Laser disc morse code Nuclear fission & fusion Oral Contraceptive Steam engine And remember that was probaly less then 0.0000001% of all inventions made by white christian males.

How old is this OLD man? How old is Grandpa? Stay with this -- the answer is at the end. It will blow you away. One evening a grandson was talking to his grandfather about current events. The grandson asked his grandfather what he thought about the shootings at schools, the computer age, and just things in general. The Grandfather replied, 'Well, let me think a minute... I was born before: ' television ' penicillin ' polio shots ' frozen foods ' Xerox ' contact lenses ' Frisbees and ' the pill There were no: ' credit cards ' laser beams or ' ball-point pens Man had not invented: ' pantyhose ' air conditioners ' dishwashers ' clothes dryers ' and the clothes were hung out to dry in the fresh air and ' man hadn't yet walked on the moon Your Grandmother and I got married first, . . . and then lived together. Every family had a father and a mother. Until I was 25, I called every man older than me, 'Sir'. And after I turned 25, I still called policemen and every man with a title, 'Sir.' We were before gay-rights, computer-dating, dual careers, daycare centers, and group therapy. Our lives were governed by the Ten Commandments, good judgment, and common sense. We were taught to know the difference between right and wrong and to stand up and take responsibility for our actions. Serving your country was a privilege; living in this country was a bigger privilege. We thought fast food was what people ate during Lent. Having a meaningful relationship meant getting along with your cousins. Draft dodgers were those who closed front doors as the evening breeze started. Time-sharing meant time the family spent together in the evenings and not weekends purchasing condominiums. We never heard of FM radios, tape decks, CDs, computers, electric typewriters, yogurt, or guys wearing earrings. We listened to Big Bands, Jack Benny, and the President's speeches on our radios. And I don't ever remember any kid blowing his brains out listening to Tommy Dorsey. If you saw anything with 'Made in Japan' on it, it was junk. The term 'making out' referred to how you did on your school exam. Pizza Hut, McDonald's, KFC and instant coffee were unheard of. We had 5 &10-cent stores where you could actually buy things for 5 and 10 cents. Ice-cream cones, phone calls, rides on a streetcar, and a Pepsi were all 5 cents. And if you didn't want to splurge, you could spend your 5c on enough stamps to mail 1 letter and 2 postcards. You could buy a new Chevy Coupe for R1000, . . but who could afford one? Too bad, because petrol was 15 cents a gallon. In my day: ' 'grass' was something you mowed, ' 'coke' was a cold drink, ' 'pot' was something your mother cooked in and ' 'rock music' was your grandmother's lullaby. ' 'Aids' were helpers in the Principal's office, ' ' chip' meant a piece of wood, ' 'hardware' was found in a hardware store and ' 'software' wasn't even a word. And we were the last generation to actually believe that a lady needed a husband to have a baby. No wonder people call us 'old and confused' and say there is a generation gap. And how old do you think I am? I bet you have this old man in mind... you are in for a shock! Read on to see.... pretty scary if you think about it and pretty sad at the same time. Are you ready ??? This man would be only 59 years

1. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a LCD monitor? They are more energy friendly then the CRT monitor They are easier on the eye then the CRT monitor They are bulkier then the CRT monitor 2. VGA connections use what type of signals to communicate from the video card to the monitor? Digital signals Analog signals Light signals Traffic signals 3. A resolution setting of 800 x 600 means that the screen is set to display 800 pixels wide by 600 pixels high. True False 4. CRT Monitors are usually less expensive than LCD Monitors True false 5. A DVI-I connection converts analog signals into digital signals to accommodate both analog and digital monitors. True False 6. A 17 inch LCD display is comparable to a 19 inch CRT display True False 7. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of a CRT monitor? CRT monitors consume less power than LCD monitors. CRT monitors are more durable and rugged than LCD monitors CRT monitors are usually less expensive than LCD monitors. CRT monitors handle multiple resolutions ( i.e. 800x600 , 1024x768, 1280x1024) better than LCD monitors. 8. CRT is short for___________. Conduit Radiation Technology Cathode Ray Tube Cable Radio Television Cable Radiation Transmitter 9. LCD is short for ________________. Liquid Crystal Display Liquid Cable Digitizers Longitudinal Crystal Display Laser Conduit Display 10. The following paragraph is the proper explanation of how a CRT monitor works. A CRT works by moving an electron beam back and forth across the back of the screen. Each time the beam makes a pass across the screen, it lights up phosphor dots on the inside of the glass tube. This process illuminates the active portions of the screen. By drawing many such lines from the top to the bottom of the screen, it creates the image on the screen. True False

Quick question about computer monitors! 10 Points Please Help? 6. A 17 inch LCD display is comparable to a 19 inch CRT display. * True * False 7. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of a CRT monitor? * CRT monitors consume less power than LCD monitors. * CRT monitors are more durable and rugged than LCD monitors * CRT monitors are usually less expensive than LCD monitors. * CRT monitors handle multiple resolutions ( i.e. 800x600 , 1024x768, 1280x1024) better than LCD monitors. 8. CRT is short for___________. * Conduit Radiation Technology * Cathode Ray Tube * Cable Radio Television * Cable Radiation Transmitter 9. LCD is short for ________________. * Liquid Crystal Display * Liquid Cable Digitizers * Longitudinal Crystal Display * Laser Conduit Display

What movies is this? Had cryogenics, nuclear technology, and satellite weapons. 1980s? I remember watching a movie in the 1980s on television where a person was cryogenically frozen because he had a terminal disease (maybe cancer). The people of the future thawed him out because they needed a person of his expertise (he controlled the weapons system in space - laser satellite). They needed him to shoot out of the sky a spacecraft that was coming to Earth. It turns out that the Earth is without nuclear weapons now and the spacecraft that was being destroyed in space was an American (or at least a spacecraft that originated from Earth, but had nuclear weapons on board). The future Earth didn't want anything to do with nuclear weapons and destroyed the spacecraft using the satellite weapons system. Anyone know what movie this is?

Was usa ever punished for The Amiriyah Massacre? On February 13, 1991, two laser-guided smart bombs destroyed the Amiriyah blockhouse, which was a civilian air-raid shelter, killing hundreds of civilians. US officials claimed that the blockhouse was also a military communications centre. Jeremy Bowen, a BBC correspondent, was one of the first television reporters on the scene. Bowen was given access to the site and did not find evidence of military use. If usa was punished, how? This was in Iraq, during the 1st Gulf War. "usa does more than any country to avoid civilian casualties" Not true. usa starts more wars than anyone. So I question how much they really care Another thing, that war is infamous for usa's bombing campaign, where they bombed Iraq back into the stone age. They bombed powerplants, bridges, airports,seaports,oil refineries, everything, to limit the mobility of the Iraqi military. Is that not collective punishment? Oh and let's not forget that Hussein wouldn't have come to power without help. Remember that usa used to be good 'ole pals with Hussein.

How Old Do You Think Grandpa Is? How old is Grandpa? Stay with this -- the answer is at the end. It will blow you away. One evening a grandson was talking to his grandpa about current events. The grandson asked his grandpa what he thought about the shootings at schools, the computer age, and just things in general. The Grandpa replied, 'Well, let me think a minute, I was born before: ' television ' penicillin ' polio shots ' frozen foods ' Xerox ' contact lenses ' Frisbees and ' the pill There was no: ' radar ' credit cards ' laser beams or ' ball-point pens Man had not invented: ' pantyhose ' air conditioners ' dishwashers ' clothes dryers ' and the clothes were hung out to dry in the fresh air and ' man hadn't yet walked on the moon Your Grandmother and I got married first, . . . and then lived together. Every family had a father and a mother. Until I was 25, I called every man older than me, 'Sir'. And after I turned 25, I still called policemen and every man with a title, 'Sir.' We were before gay-rights, computer- dating, dual careers, daycare centers, and group therapy. Our lives were governed by the Ten Com mandments, good judgment, and common sense. We were taught to know the difference between right and wrong and to stand up and take responsibility for our actions. Serving your country was a privilege; living in this country was a bigger privilege. We thought fast food was what people ate during Lent. Having a meaningful relationship meant getting along with your cousins. Draft dodgers were people who closed their front doors when the evening breeze started. Time-sharing meant time the family spent together in the evenings and weekends-not purchasing condominiums. We never heard of FM radios, tape decks, CDs, electric typewriters, yogurt, or guys wearing earrings. We listened to the Big Bands, Jack Benny, and the President's speeches on our radios. And I don't ever remember any kid blowing his brains out listening to Tommy Dorsey. If you saw anything with 'Made in Japan ' on it, it was junk. The term 'making out' referred to how you did on your school exam. Pizza Hut, McDonald's, and instant coffee were unheard of. We had 5 &10-cent stores where you could actually buy things for 5 and 10 cents. Ice-cream cones, phone calls, rides on a streetcar, and a Pepsi were all a nickel. And if you didn't want to splurge, you could spend your nickel on enough stamps to mail 1 letter and 2 postcards. You could buy a new Chevy Coupe for $600, . . . but who could afford one? Too bad, because gas was 11 cents a gallon. In my day: ' 'grass' was mowed, ' 'coke' was a cold drink, ' 'pot' was something your mother cooked in and ' 'rock music' was your grandmother's lullaby. ' 'Aids' were helpers in the Principal's office, ' ' chip' meant a piece of wood, ' 'hardware' was found in a hardware store and ' 'software' wasn't even a word. And we were the last generation to actually believe that a lady needed a husband to have a baby.. No wonder people call us 'old and confused' and say there is a generation gap... and how old do you think I am? I bet you have this old man in mind...you are in for a shock! Read on to see -- pretty scary if you think about it and pretty sad at the same time. This man would be only 58 years old!

Has anyone ever tried the at-home laser hair removal systems Tria, Silk n, or the No! No!? I've seen these advertised on the internet and television, some even on the news. I'm wondering if they really work? And if they do work, are the results actually permanent?

Which of the Planeteers are Best? Worst? On the telivision show captain planet there are a group of kids known as the planeteers. I am asking you right here right now which one is the best, and which is the worst? The planeteers are: Kwame Kwame is the Planeteer in charge of "Earth". He is voiced by LeVar Burton of Star Trek: The Next Generation, Roots, and Reading Rainbow fame. Kwame is from Africa; most likely from Ghana, as his name is Twi for "Born on Saturday". Raised on the savannah, he spent much time working to keep the land from becoming a desert by planting trees. It was during this activity that he discovered his magic ring. Kwame became the Planeteer who can control the power of earth, able to manipulate the ground to create earthquakes, landforms, and craters, though only to a certain extent. Kwame's personal specialty seems to be sustainability, especially in agriculture and other uses of land, as well as human rights. He has strong convictions and a 'big-picture' way of thinking which lends perspective to the other Planeteers. While outwardly serious, he has a spontaneous deadpan sense of humour, and like Gi and Ma-Ti, he was no stranger to environmental crises before becoming a Planeteer. His solemnity and deliberate attitude may also give rise to his character flaws: he possesses limited grace under pressure (evasive flying of the Geo-Cruiser causes him great distress) and he can be impatient with others: Wheeler's ignorance of the origins of ivory jewelery in "Last of Her Kind" upset him greatly, and in the aptly-named episode "Kwame's Crisis", his exasperation at people's apathy in the face of pollution caused him to almost leave the Planeteers in despair. He also has a slightly odd fondness for B sci/fi-action films, possibly due to their sheer novelty, although nature thrillers ('Jaws' etc.) offend his sensibilities. Kwame is considered the leader of the Planeteers when they are in action. Though he has no established authority, he bears typical qualities of leadership and usually makes decisions that the others follow. When summoning Captain Planet, Kwame always starts the procedure by stating "Let our powers combine." Wheeler Wheeler is the Planeteer who controls "Fire". From the United States of America, specifically the borough of Brooklyn in New York City. He is voiced by Joey Dedio. He is somewhat aware of martial arts and other techniques for handling tough situations, primarily from movies and television. Wheeler received his ring when he attempted to fight a small group of street thieves; during the fight, a tongue of flame gave him the ring of fire. While the others were chosen for their environmental activism, Gaia chose Wheeler for his short temper and attitude, the fighting spirit of the team. Wheeler had a difficult home life: while close to his mother, he fought with his strict but dissolute father, Nick, and ran away from home at least once, being accepted into the society of other runaways. This situation is visited in the fourth season of the series, when they finally reconcile. By this time, Wheeler's father had suffered severe liver problems due to a lifetime of drinking. It is later revealed that in the past, Wheeler had close ties with Trish, one of those who followed the leadership of Verminous Skumm during his time as a ganglord. He is also very muscular, shown in "Population Bomb" and "Never the Twain Shall Meet" With his powers, Wheeler is able to send out projectiles of flame and create small fires nearby; he can also use his power like a laser beam, to cut ropes or melt locks. They represent Wheeler's hot nature; typically small and effective, though they can end up raging out of control and consuming everything in the area. For the most part, Wheeler is rather sensible, his action-readiness not over emphasized. Wheeler makes no secret of his romantic interest in Linka, and frequently makes brash and often tactless advances to her. Although Linka ostensibly does not share those feelings, she does come to care for Wheeler, even if she is not willing to admit it. Wheeler was often portrayed as the cynic of the team, as well as the one who would often know the least about environmental issues, a trait which critics of the show like to point out, saying that Wheeler's actions give the impression that most Americans are apathetic about environmental issues until said issues directly affect them. By the time of the New Adventures episodes, these qualities were eliminated, showing Wheeler to be smarter than before. Since the series' audience was largely American, Wheeler most often served the role of audience proxy, with his point of view often being privileged. He is usually the one who asks questions that the audience needs answering, or expresses misconceptions that the episode is dealing with. In "Population Bomb", "Two Futures", and "Numbers Game" especially his dream sequences illustrate ideas that a normal episode structure cannot accommodate. Linka L

Has this ever happened to anyone else? I was lying in my bed one night watching television. I kept seeing something out of the corner of my eye and when I turned to look at it directly, it was a small red light, like one you'd see from a laser pointer, just floating around on my ceiling and in the corners. At first I thought it was my neighbor playing a joke on me, but then I realized that the red light was on the same wall as my window, so it couldn't have been her. I stared at it for a while then lost interest. When I looked back to see it again, it was gone. The strongest drug I've ever taken is Tylenol and I don't drink. Has anyone else ever experienced this?

To all the olduns here in Yahoo Q and A is this a nostalgic reminder of years gone by? The Over 60's We were born before television, before penicillin, polio shots, frozen foods, Xerox, plastic, contact lenses, Frisbees and the pill. We were born before radar, credit cards, split atoms, laser beams, and ball-point pens; before dishwashers, tumble dryers, electric blankets, air conditioners, drip dry clothes....... We got married first and then lived together. We thought "fast food" was what you ate in Lent, a "Big Mac" was an oversized raincoat, and "crumpet" was what you had for tea. We existed before house husbands, computer dating, dual careers, when a "meaningful relationship" meant getting along with your cousins, and "sheltered accommodation" was where you waited for the bus. We had never heard of FM radio, tape decks, word processors, yogurt, pizzas, or young men wearing earrings. For us a "chip" was piece of wood or a fried potato, "hardware" meant nuts and bolts and "software" wasn't a word. The term "making out" referred to how you did in exams, "stud" was something that fastened your clothes and "going all the way" meant staying on the double-decker bus to the depot......... In our day, cigarette smoking was fashionable, "grass" was mown, "coke" was kept in the coal shed, and a "joint" was the piece of meat you ate on Sundays. "Rock music" was a lullaby and a "gay person" was the life and soul of the party. No wonder we are so confused. And how old are we? Just hitting 60 http://www.andmas.co.uk/ Deighton. Please keep this to yourself but I am knocking on 76.

Did Anyone Else see it last night at the cricket? Television coverage picked up a green light that flashed across rookie South Africa fast bowler Wayne Parnell as he attempted a difficult catch in the outfield. Parnell's failed diving attempt off a Mike Hussey skier at long-off came as Australia neared victory in a tense finish. Proteas skipper Johan Botha denied Parnell had made a complaint after the miss but said he would investigate the matter. Cricket website cricinfo.com received several emails from viewers complaining about what appeared to be a "green laser light" shone in Parnell's eyes by a spectator AAP... I saw something near him last night but never new what it was until this morning.. What do you think should be done about this?

Conspiracy Theory Contest? http://conspiraciesrnotus.blogspot.com/2008/05/invent-your-own-conspiracy-contest.html MSNBC reporter and famous television narrator Lester Holt, describing the tragic crane collapse that happened earlier today, just said that there were reports that the loud, crushing sounds of the crane breaking sounded like "demolition charges." You know what this contest is about. Post your own conspiracy theory - who did it and why? Was it those devilish Zionists? Maybe the military-industrial complex? Was it "thermide" [sic], C-4, laser beams from space? Which war was the controlled demolition done to justify? You be the judge! Leave us your comment on that specific blog post! Prize will be ten points. Conspiracy theories will be judged on internal coherency and accurate spoofing of popular conspiracy theories and the conspiracy theorist mindset. This is an open contest, so tell all your friends! http://conspiraciesrnotus.blogspot.com/2008/05/invent-your-own-conspiracy-contest.html Post your conspiracies right here.

EMERGENCY: Question about Laser Eye Surgery.............? I had my vision corrected by having laser eye surgery done through Lasik MD in May. In the last couple of weeks I've noticed that there's something wrong with my vision. For example, if I'm watching television, I feel like I can see better with one eye than the other...........as if I have 2 different prescriptions of something. I went back to Lasik MD yesterday and the assistant did a numerous tests on my eyes and said my right eye (the one I seem to have problems with) is dry and I will most likely have to do another surgery to correct it. I am sooooooooooo scared. Please someone be honest with me and tell me what it feels like to have the same surgery performed a second time on your eye(s). Is it painful during or after? Please give me all the details you can. The other problem is that before I had the surgery done the first time, the surgeon told me it would be wise of me to do "PRK" on the right eye because of the severe astigmatism, but I chickened-out because I know that with "PRK" they actually cut the eye. I heard this is very painful. For those of you who have had this procedure done, please tell me what it's like. Was it as bad as when you had just the laser eye surgery done? Was it worse? How did it feel during and after? Guys, I'm freaking out....................please be as HONEST and THOROUGH as you possibly can! :) Thank you all in advance I don't have to go through with the laser eye surgery because of the "dryness." The assistant said I have to do it because the vision in my right eye has changed, which is why I am having trouble focussing and having a little bit of blurriness. ;)

Do you belong to the "new Church of Global Warming"? "Aliens Cause Global Warming" A lecture by Michael Crichton California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA January 17, 2003 My topic today sounds humorous but unfortunately I am serious. I am going to argue that extraterrestrials lie behind global warming. Or to speak more precisely, I will argue that a belief in extraterrestrials has paved the way, in a progression of steps, to a belief in global warming. Charting this progression of belief will be my task today. Let me say at once that I have no desire to discourage anyone from believing in either extraterrestrials or global warming. That would be quite impossible to do. Rather, I want to discuss the history of several widely-publicized beliefs and to point to what I consider an emerging crisis in the whole enterprise of science-namely the increasingly uneasy relationship between hard science and public policy. I have a special interest in this because of my own upbringing. I was born in the midst of World War II, and passed my formative years at the height of the Cold War. In school drills, I dutifully crawled under my desk in preparation for a nuclear attack. It was a time of widespread fear and uncertainty, but even as a child I believed that science represented the best and greatest hope for mankind. Even to a child, the contrast was clear between the world of politics-a world of hate and danger, of irrational beliefs and fears, of mass manipulation and disgraceful blots on human history. In contrast, science held different values-international in scope, forging friendships and working relationships across national boundaries and political systems, encouraging a dispassionate habit of thought, and ultimately leading to fresh knowledge and technology that would benefit all mankind. The world might not be avery good place, but science would make it better. And it did. In my lifetime, science has largely fulfilled its promise. Science has been the great intellectual adventure of our age, and a great hope for our troubled and restless world. But I did not expect science merely to extend lifespan, feed the hungry, cure disease, and shrink the world with jets and cell phones. I also expected science to banish the evils of human thought---prejudice and superstition, irrational beliefs and false fears. I expected science to be, in Carl Sagan's memorable phrase, "a candle in a demon haunted world." And here, I am not so pleased with the impact of science. Rather than serving as a cleansing force, science has in some instances been seduced by the more ancient lures of politics and publicity. Some of the demons that haunt our world in recent years are invented by scientists. The world has not benefited from permitting these demons to escape free. But let's look at how it came to pass. Cast your minds back to 1960. John F. Kennedy is president, commercial jet airplanes are just appearing, the biggest university mainframes have 12K of memory. And in Green Bank, West Virginia at the new National Radio Astronomy Observatory, a young astrophysicist named Frank Drake runs a two week project called Ozma, to search for extraterrestrial signals. A signal is received, to great excitement. It turns out to be false, but the excitement remains. In 1960, Drake organizes the first SETI conference, and came up with the now-famous Drake equation: N=N*fp ne fl fi fc fL Where N is the number of stars in the Milky Way galaxy; fp is the fraction with planets; ne is the number of planets per star capable of supporting life; fl is the fraction of planets where life evolves; fi is the fraction where intelligent life evolves; and fc is the fraction that communicates; and fL is the fraction of the planet's life during which the communicating civilizations live. This serious-looking equation gave SETI an serious footing as a legitimate intellectual inquiry. The problem, of course, is that none of the terms can be known, and most cannot even be estimated. The only way to work the equation is to fill in with guesses. And guesses-just so we're clear-are merely expressions of prejudice. Nor can there be "informed guesses." If you need to state how many planets with life choose to communicate, there is simply no way to make an informed guess. It's simply prejudice. As a result, the Drake equation can have any value from "billions and billions" to zero. An expression that can mean anything means nothing. Speaking precisely, the Drake equation is literally meaningless, and has nothing to do with science. I take the hard view that science involves the creation of testable hypotheses. The Drake equation cannot be tested and therefore SETI is not science. SETI is unquestionably a religion. Faith is defined as the firm belief in something for which there is no proof. The belief that the Koran is the word of God is a matter of faith. The belief that God created the universe in seven days is a matter of faith. The belief that there are other life forms in the universe is a matter of faith. There is not a single shred of evidence for any other life forms, and in forty years of searching, none has been discovered. There is absolutely no evidentiary reason to maintain this belief. SETI is a religion. One way to chart the cooling of enthusiasm is to review popular works on the subject. In 1964, at the height of SETI enthusiasm, Walter Sullivan of the NY Times wrote an exciting book about life in the universe entitled WE ARE NOT ALONE. By 1995, when Paul Davis wrote a book on the same subject, he titled it ARE WE ALONE? ( Since 1981, there have in fact been four books titled ARE WE ALONE.) More recently we have seen the rise of the so-called "Rare Earth" theory which suggests that we may, in fact, be all alone. Again, there is no evidence either way. Back in the sixties, SETI had its critics, although not among astrophysicists and astronomers. The biologists and paleontologists were harshest. George Gaylord Simpson of Harvard sneered that SETI was a "study without a subject," and it remains so to the present day. But scientists in general have been indulgent toward SETI, viewing it either with bemused tolerance, or with indifference. After all, what's the big deal? It's kind of fun. If people want to look, let them. Only a curmudgeon would speak harshly of SETI. It wasn't worth the bother. And of course it is true that untestable theories may have heuristic value. Of course extraterrestrials are a good way to teach science to kids. But that does not relieve us of the obligation to see the Drake equation clearly for what it is-pure speculation in quasi-scientific trappings. The fact that the Drake equation was not greeted with screams of outrage-similar to the screams of outrage that greet each Creationist new claim, for example-meant that now there was a crack in the door, a loosening of the definition of what constituted legitimate scientific procedure. And soon enough, pernicious garbage began to squeeze through the cracks. Now let's jump ahead a decade to the 1970s, and Nuclear Winter. In 1975, the National Academy of Sciences reported on "Long-Term Worldwide Effects of Multiple Nuclear Weapons Detonations" but the report estimated the effect of dust from nuclear blasts to be relatively minor. In 1979, the Office of Technology Assessment issued a report on "The Effects of Nuclear War" and stated that nuclear war could perhaps produce irreversible adverse consequences on the environment. However, because the scientific processes involved were poorly understood, the report stated it was not possible to estimate the probable magnitude of such damage. Three years later, in 1982, the Swedish Academy of Sciences commissioned a report entitled "The Atmosphere after a Nuclear War: Twilight at Noon," which attempted to quantify the effect of smoke from burning forests and cities. The authors speculated that there would be so much smoke that a large cloud over the northern hemisphere would reduce incoming sunlight below the level required for photosynthesis, and that this would last for weeks or even longer. The following year, five scientists including Richard Turco and Carl Sagan published a paper in Science called "Nuclear Winter: Global Consequences of Multiple Nuclear Explosions." This was the so-called TTAPS report, which attempted to quantify more rigorously the atmospheric effects, with the added credibility to be gained from an actual computer model of climate. At the heart of the TTAPS undertaking was another equation, never specifically expressed, but one that could be paraphrased as follows: Ds = Wn Ws Wh Tf Tb Pt Pr Pe… etc (The amount of tropospheric dust=# warheads x size warheads x warhead detonation height x flammability of targets x Target burn duration x Particles entering the Troposphere x Particle reflectivity x Particle endurance…and so on.) The similarity to the Drake equation is striking. As with the Drake equation, none of the variables can be determined. None at all. The TTAPS study addressed this problem in part by mapping out different wartime scenarios and assigning numbers to some of the variables, but even so, the remaining variables were-and are-simply unknowable. Nobody knows how much smoke will be generated when cities burn, creating particles of what kind, and for how long. No one knows the effect of local weather conditions on the amount of particles that will be injected into the troposphere. No one knows how long the particles will remain in the troposphere. And so on. And remember, this is only four years after the OTA study concluded that the underlying scientific processes were so poorly known that no estimates could be reliably made. Nevertheless, the TTAPS study not only made those estimates, but concluded they were catastrophic. According to Sagan and his coworkers, even a limited 5,000 megaton nuclear exchange would cause a global temperature drop of more than 35 degrees Centigrade, and this change would last for three months. The greatest volcanic eruptions that we know of changed world temperatures somewhere between .5 and 2 degrees Centigrade. Ice ages changed global temperatures by 10 degrees. Here we have an estimated change three times greater than any ice age. One might expect it to be the subject of some dispute. But Sagan and his coworkers were prepared, for nuclear winter was from the outset the subject of a well-orchestrated media campaign. The first announcement of nuclear winter appeared in an article by Sagan in the Sunday supplement, Parade. The very next day, a highly-publicized, high-profile conference on the long-term consequences of nuclear war was held in Washington, chaired by Carl Sagan and Paul Ehrlich, the most famous and media-savvy scientists of their generation. Sagan appeared on the Johnny Carson show 40 times. Ehrlich was on 25 times. Following the conference, there were press conferences, meetings with congressmen, and so on. The formal papers in Science came months later. This is not the way science is done, it is the way products are sold. The real nature of the conference is indicated by these artists' renderings of the the effect of nuclear winter. I cannot help but quote the caption for figure 5: "Shown here is a tranquil scene in the north woods. A beaver has just completed its dam, two black bears forage for food, a swallow-tailed butterfly flutters in the foreground, a loon swims quietly by, and a kingfisher searches for a tasty fish." Hard science if ever there was. At the conference in Washington, during the question period, Ehrlich was reminded that after Hiroshima and Nagasaki, scientists were quoted as saying nothing would grow there for 75 years, but in fact melons were growing the next year. So, he was asked, how accurate were these findings now? Ehrlich answered by saying "I think they are extremely robust. Scientists may have made statements like that, although I cannot imagine what their basis would have been, even with the state of science at that time, but scientists are always making absurd statements, individually, in various places. What we are doing here, however, is presenting a consensus of a very large group of scientists…" I want to pause here and talk about this notion of consensus, and the rise of what has been called consensus science. I regard consensus science as an extremely pernicious development that ought to be stopped cold in its tracks. Historically, the claim of consensus has been the first refuge of scoundrels; it is a way to avoid debate by claiming that the matter is already settled. Whenever you hear the consensus of scientists agrees on something or other, reach for your wallet, because you're being had. Let's be clear: the work of science has nothing whatever to do with consensus. Consensus is the business of politics. Science, on the contrary, requires only one investigator who happens to be right, which means that he or she has results that are verifiable by reference to the real world. In science consensus is irrelevant. What is relevant is reproducible results. The greatest scientists in history are great precisely because they broke with the consensus. There is no such thing as consensus science. If it's consensus, it isn't science. If it's science, it isn't consensus. Period. In addition, let me remind you that the track record of the consensus is nothing to be proud of. Let's review a few cases. In past centuries, the greatest killer of women was fever following childbirth . One woman in six died of this fever. In 1795, Alexander Gordon of Aberdeen suggested that the fevers were infectious processes, and he was able to cure them. The consensus said no. In 1843, Oliver Wendell Holmes claimed puerperal fever was contagious, and presented compellng evidence. The consensus said no. In 1849, Semmelweiss demonstrated that sanitary techniques virtually eliminated puerperal fever in hospitals under his management. The consensus said he was a Jew, ignored him, and dismissed him from his post. There was in fact no agreement on puerperal fever until the start of the twentieth century. Thus the consensus took one hundred and twenty five years to arrive at the right conclusion despite the efforts of the prominent "skeptics" around the world, skeptics who were demeaned and ignored. And despite the constant ongoing deaths of women. There is no shortage of other examples. In the 1920s in America, tens of thousands of people, mostly poor, were dying of a disease called pellagra. The consensus of scientists said it was infectious, and what was necessary was to find the "pellagra germ." The US government asked a brilliant young investigator, Dr. Joseph Goldberger, to find the cause. Goldberger concluded that diet was the crucial factor. The consensus remained wedded to the germ theory. Goldberger demonstrated that he could induce the disease through diet. He demonstrated that the disease was not infectious by injecting the blood of a pellagra patient into himself, and his assistant. They and other volunteers swabbed their noses with swabs from pellagra patients, and swallowed capsules containing scabs from pellagra rashes in what were called "Goldberger's filth parties." Nobody contracted pellagra. The consensus continued to disagree with him. There was, in addition, a social factor-southern States disliked the idea of poor diet as the cause, because it meant that social reform was required. They continued to deny it until the 1920s. Result-despite a twentieth century epidemic, the consensus took years to see the light. Probably every schoolchild notices that South America and Africa seem to fit together rather snugly, and Alfred Wegener proposed, in 1912, that the continents had in fact drifted apart. The consensus sneered at continental drift for fifty years. The theory was most vigorously denied by the great names of geology-until 1961, when it began to seem as if the sea floors were spreading. The result: it took the consensus fifty years to acknowledge what any schoolchild sees. And shall we go on? The examples can be multiplied endlessly. Jenner and smallpox, Pasteur and germ theory. Saccharine, margarine, repressed memory, fiber and colon cancer, hormone replacement therap6y…the list of consensus errors goes on and on. Finally, I would remind you to notice where the claim of consensus is invoked. Consensus is invoked only in situations where the science is not solid enough. Nobody says the consensus of scientists agrees that E=mc2. Nobody says the consensus is that the sun is 93 million miles away. It would never occur to anyone to speak that way. But back to our main subject. What I have been suggesting to you is that nuclear winter was a meaningless formula, tricked out with bad science, for policy ends. It was political from the beginning, promoted in a well-orchestrated media campaign that had to be planned weeks or months in advance. Further evidence of the political nature of the whole project can be found in the response to criticism. Although Richard Feynman was characteristically blunt, saying, "I really don't think these guys know what they're talking about," other prominent scientists were noticeably reticent. Freeman Dyson was quoted as saying "It's an absolutely atrocious piece of science but…who wants to be accused of being in favor of nuclear war?" And Victor Weisskopf said, "The science is terrible but---perhaps the psychology is good." The nuclear winter team followed up the publication of such comments with letters to the editors denying that these statements were ever made, though the scientists since then have subsequently confirmed their views. At the time, there was a concerted desire on the part of lots of people to avoid nuclear war. If nuclear winter looked awful, why investigate too closely? Who wanted to disagree? Only people like Edward Teller, the "father of the H bomb." Teller said, "While it is generally recognized that details are still uncertain and deserve much more study, Dr. Sagan nevertheless has taken the position that the whole scenario is so robust that there can be little doubt about its main conclusions." Yet for most people, the fact that nuclear winter was a scenario riddled with uncertainties did not seem to be relevant. I say it is hugely relevant. Once you abandon strict adherence to what science tells us, once you start arranging the truth in a press conference, then anything is possible. In one context, maybe you will get some mobilization against nuclear war. But in another context, you get Lysenkoism. In another, you get Nazi euthanasia. The danger is always there, if you subvert science to political ends. That is why it is so important for the future of science that the line between what science can say with certainty, and what it cannot, be drawn clearly-and defended. What happened to Nuclear Winter? As the media glare faded, its robust scenario appeared less persuasive; John Maddox, editor of Nature, repeatedly criticized its claims; within a year, Stephen Schneider, one of the leading figures in the climate model, began to speak of "nuclear autumn." It just didn't have the same ring. A final media embarrassment came in 1991, when Carl Sagan predicted on Nightline that Kuwaiti oil fires would produce a nuclear winter effect, causing a "year without a summer," and endangering crops around the world. Sagan stressed this outcome was so likely that "it should affect the war plans." None of it happened. What, then, can we say were the lessons of Nuclear Winter? I believe the lesson was that with a catchy name, a strong policy position and an aggressive media campaign, nobody will dare to criticize the science, and in short order, a terminally weak thesis will be established as fact. After that, any criticism becomes beside the point. The war is already over without a shot being fired. That was the lesson, and we had a textbook application soon afterward, with second hand smoke. In 1993, the EPA announced that second-hand smoke was "responsible for approximately 3,000 lung cancer deaths each year in nonsmoking adults," and that it " impairs the respiratory health of hundreds of thousands of people." In a 1994 pamphlet the EPA said that the eleven studies it based its decision on were not by themselves conclusive, and that they collectively assigned second-hand smoke a risk factor of 1.19. (For reference, a risk factor below 3.0 is too small for action by the EPA. or for publication in the New England Journal of Medicine, for example.) Furthermore, since there was no statistical association at the 95% confidence limits, the EPA lowered the limit to 90%. They then classified second hand smoke as a Group A Carcinogen. This was openly fraudulent science, but it formed the basis for bans on smoking in restaurants, offices, and airports. California banned public smoking in 1995. Soon, no claim was too extreme. By 1998, the Christian Science Monitor was saying that "Second-hand smoke is the nation's third-leading preventable cause of death." The American Cancer Society announced that 53,000 people died each year of second-hand smoke. The evidence for this claim is nonexistent. In 1998, a Federal judge held that the EPA had acted improperly, had "committed to a conclusion before research had begun", and had "disregarded information and made findings on selective information." The reaction of Carol Browner, head of the EPA was: "We stand by our science….there's wide agreement. The American people certainly recognize that exposure to second hand smoke brings…a whole host of health problems." Again, note how the claim of consensus trumps science. In this case, it isn't even a consensus of scientists that Browner evokes! It's the consensus of the American people. Meanwhile, ever-larger studies failed to confirm any association. A large, seven-country WHO study in 1998 found no association. Nor have well-controlled subsequent studies, to my knowledge. Yet we now read, for example, that second hand smoke is a cause of breast cancer. At this point you can say pretty much anything you want about second-hand smoke. As with nuclear winter, bad science is used to promote what most people would consider good policy. I certainly think it is. I don't want people smoking around me. So who will speak out against banning second-hand smoke? Nobody, and if you do, you'll be branded a shill of RJ Reynolds. A big tobacco flunky. But the truth is that we now have a social policy supported by the grossest of superstitions. And we've given the EPA a bad lesson in how to behave in the future. We've told them that cheating is the way to succeed. As the twentieth century drew to a close, the connection between hard scientific fact and public policy became increasingly elastic. In part this was possible because of the complacency of the scientific profession; in part because of the lack of good science education among the public; in part, because of the rise of specialized advocacy groups which have been enormously effective in getting publicity and shaping policy; and in great part because of the decline of the media as an independent assessor of fact. The deterioration of the American media is dire loss for our country. When distinguished institutions like the New York Times can no longer differentiate between factual content and editorial opinion, but rather mix both freely on their front page, then who will hold anyone to a higher standard? And so, in this elastic anything-goes world where science-or non-science-is the hand maiden of questionable public policy, we arrive at last at global warming. It is not my purpose here to rehash the details of this most magnificent of the demons haunting the world. I would just remind you of the now-familiar pattern by which these things are established. Evidentiary uncertainties are glossed over in the unseemly rush for an overarching policy, and for grants to support the policy by delivering findings that are desired by the patron. Next, the isolation of those scientists who won't get with the program, and the characterization of those scientists as outsiders and "skeptics" in quotation marks-suspect individuals with suspect motives, industry flunkies, reactionaries, or simply anti-environmental nutcases. In short order, debate ends, even though prominent scientists are uncomfortable about how things are being done. When did "skeptic" become a dirty word in science? When did a skeptic require quotation marks around it? To an outsider, the most significant innovation in the global warming controversy is the overt reliance that is being placed on models. Back in the days of nuclear winter, computer models were invoked to add weight to a conclusion: "These results are derived with the help of a computer model." But now large-scale computer models are seen as generating data in themselves. No longer are models judged by how well they reproduce data from the real world-increasingly, models provide the data. As if they were themselves a reality. And indeed they are, when we are projecting forward. There can be no observational data about the year 2100. There are only model runs. This fascination with computer models is something I understand very well. Richard Feynmann called it a disease. I fear he is right. Because only if you spend a lot of time looking at a computer screen can you arrive at the complex point where the global warming debate now stands. Nobody believes a weather prediction twelve hours ahead. Now we're asked to believe a prediction that goes out 100 years into the future? And make financial investments based on that prediction? Has everybody lost their minds? Stepping back, I have to say the arrogance of the modelmakers is breathtaking. There have been, in every century, scientists who say they know it all. Since climate may be a chaotic system-no one is sure-these predictions are inherently doubtful, to be polite. But more to the point, even if the models get the science spot-on, they can never get the sociology. To predict anything about the world a hundred years from now is simply absurd. Look: If I was selling stock in a company that I told you would be profitable in 2100, would you buy it? Or would you think the idea was so crazy that it must be a scam? Let's think back to people in 1900 in, say, New York. If they worried about people in 2000, what would they worry about? Probably: Where would people get enough horses? And what would they do about all the horseshit? Horse pollution was bad in 1900, think how much worse it would be a century later, with so many more people riding horses? But of course, within a few years, nobody rode horses except for sport. And in 2000, France was getting 80% its power from an energy source that was unknown in 1900. Germany, Switzerland, Belgium and Japan were getting more than 30% from this source, unknown in 1900. Remember, people in 1900 didn't know what an atom was. They didn't know its structure. They also didn't know what a radio was, or an airport, or a movie, or a television, or a computer, or a cell phone, or a jet, an antibiotic, a rocket, a satellite, an MRI, ICU, IUD, IBM, IRA, ERA, EEG, EPA, IRS, DOD, PCP, HTML, internet. interferon, instant replay, remote sensing, remote control, speed dialing, gene therapy, gene splicing, genes, spot welding, heat-seeking, bipolar, prozac, leotards, lap dancing, email, tape recorder, CDs, airbags, plastic explosive, plastic, robots, cars, liposuction, transduction, superconduction, dish antennas, step aerobics, smoothies, twelve-step, ultrasound, nylon, rayon, teflon, fiber optics, carpal tunnel, laser surgery, laparoscopy, corneal transplant, kidney transplant, AIDS… None of this would have meant anything to a person in the year 1900. They wouldn't know what you are talking about. Now. You tell me you can predict the world of 2100. Tell me it's even worth thinking about. Our models just carry the present into the future. They're bound to be wrong. Everybody who gives a moment's thought knows it. I remind you that in the lifetime of most scientists now living, we have already had an example of dire predictions set aside by new technology. I refer to the green revolution. In 1960, Paul Ehrlich said, "The battle to feed humanity is over. In the 1970s the world will undergo famines-hundreds of millions of people are going to starve to death." Ten years later, he predicted four billion people would die during the 1980s, including 65 million Americans. The mass starvation that was predicted never occurred, and it now seems it isn't ever going to happen. Nor is the population explosion going to reach the numbers predicted even ten years ago. In 1990, climate modelers anticipated a world population of 11 billion by 2100. Today, some people think the correct number will be 7 billion and falling. But nobody knows for sure. But it is impossible to ignore how closely the history of global warming fits on the previous template for nuclear winter. Just as the earliest studies of nuclear winter stated that the uncertainties were so great that probabilites could never be known, so, too the first pronouncements on global warming argued strong limits on what could be determined with certainty about climate change. The 1995 IPCC draft report said, "Any claims of positive detection of significant climate change are likely to remain controversial until uncertainties in the total natural variability of the climate system are reduced." It also said, "No study to date has positively attributed all or part of observed climate changes to anthropogenic causes." Those statements were removed, and in their place appeared: "The balance of evidence suggests a discernable human influence on climate." What is clear, however, is that on this issue, science and policy have become inextricably mixed to the point where it will be difficult, if not impossible, to separate them out. It is possible for an outside observer to ask serious questions about the conduct of investigations into global warming, such as whether we are taking appropriate steps to improve the quality of our observational data records, whether we are systematically obtaining the information that will clarify existing uncertainties, whether we have any organized disinterested mechanism to direct research in this contentious area. The answer to all these questions is no. We don't. In trying to think about how these questions can be resolved, it occurs to me that in the progression from SETI to nuclear winter to second hand smoke to global warming, we have one clear message, and that is that we can expect more and more problems of public policy dealing with technical issues in the future-problems of ever greater seriousness, where people care passionately on all sides. And at the moment we have no mechanism to get good answers. So I will propose one. Just as we have established a tradition of double-blinded research to determine drug efficacy, we must institute double-blinded research in other policy areas as well. Certainly the increased use of computer models, such as GCMs, cries out for the separation of those who make the models from those who verify them. The fact is that the present structure of science is entrepeneurial, with individual investigative teams vying for funding from organizations which all too often have a clear stake in the outcome of the research-or appear to, which may be just as bad. This is not healthy for science. Sooner or later, we must form an independent research institute in this country. It must be funded by industry, by government, and by private philanthropy, both individuals and trusts. The money must be pooled, so that investigators do not know who is paying them. The institute must fund more than one team to do research in a particular area, and the verification of results will be a foregone requirement: teams will know their results will be checked by other groups. In many cases, those who decide how to gather the data will not gather it, and those who gather the data will not analyze it. If we were to address the land temperature records with such rigor, we would be well on our way to an understanding of exactly how much faith we can place in global warming, and therefore what seriousness we must address this. I believe that as we come to the end of this litany, some of you may be saying, well what is the big deal, really. So we made a few mistakes. So a few scientists have overstated their cases and have egg on their faces. So what. Well, I'll tell you. In recent years, much has been said about the post modernist claims about science to the effect that science is just another form of raw power, tricked out in special claims for truth-seeking and objectivity that really have no basis in fact. Science, we are told, is no better than any other undertaking. These ideas anger many scientists, and they anger me. But recent events have made me wonder if they are correct. We can take as an example the scientific reception accorded a Danish statistician, Bjorn Lomborg, who wrote a book called The Skeptical Environmentalist. The scientific community responded in a way that can only be described as disgraceful. In professional literature, it was complained he had no standing because he was not an earth scientist. His publisher, Cambridge University Press, was attacked with cries that the editor should be fired, and that all right-thinking scientists should shun the press. The past president of the AAAS wondered aloud how Cambridge could have ever "published a book that so clearly could never have passed peer review." )But of course the manuscript did pass peer review by three earth scientists on both sides of the Atlantic, and all recommended publication.) But what are scientists doing attacking a press? Is this the new McCarthyism-coming from scientists? Worst of all was the behavior of the Scientific American, which seemed intent on proving the post-modernist point that it was all about power, not facts. The Scientific American attacked Lomborg for eleven pages, yet only came up with nine factual errors despite their assertion that the book was "rife with careless mistakes." It was a poor display featuring vicious ad hominem attacks, including comparing him to a Holocust denier. The issue was captioned: "Science defends itself against the Skeptical Environmentalist." Really. Science has to defend itself? Is this what we have come to? When Lomborg asked for space to rebut his critics, he was given only a page and a half. When he said it wasn't enough, he put the critics' essays on his web page and answered them in detail. Scientific American threatened copyright infringement and made him take the pages down. Further attacks since have made it clear what is going on. Lomborg is charged with heresy. That's why none of his critics needs to substantiate their attacks in any detail. That's why the facts don't matter. That's why they can attack him in the most vicious personal terms. He's a heretic. Of course, any scientist can be charged as Galileo was charged. I just never thought I'd see the Scientific American in the role of mother church. Is this what science has become? I hope not. But it is what it will become, unless there is a concerted effort by leading scientists to aggressively separate science from policy. The late Philip Handler, former president of the National Academy of Sciences, said that "Scientists best serve public policy by living within the ethics of science, not those of politics. If the scientific community will not unfrock the charlatans, the public will not discern the difference-science and the nation will suffer." Personally, I don't worry about the nation. But I do worry about science. Thank you very much.

can someone help me with these QuestiOn? When electric current is flowing in a circuit, if the voltage applied to the circuit is increased, A. the resistance will increase. B. the current will increase. C. the resistance will decrease. D. the current will decrease. 2. Which of the following information sources will not be directly affected by the Telecommunications Act of 1996? A. Telephone services B. The Internet C. Newspaper publishing D. Cable television 3. Porcelain, paper, glass, and rubber are all examples of electrical A. conductors. B. batteries. C. insulators. D. grounds. 4. A testing instrument that an electronics technician will connect to selected points inside a piece of electronic equipment and measure electrical values such as ohms, volts, and amperes is called A. a signal generator. B. a power supply. C. an oscilloscope. D. a multimeter. FIGURE A-1—Use this illustration to answer Question 5. 5. Look at the four schematic symbols shown in Figure A-1. Each of the symbols is labeled with a number. Which of the following statements about these symbols is correct? A. Symbol 1 represents a diode, symbol 2 represents a resistor, symbol 3 represents an LED, and symbol 4 represents a transistor. B. Symbol 1 represents a diode, symbol 2 represents an LED, symbol 3 represents a transistor, and symbol 4 represents a resistor. C. Symbol 1 represents a transistor, symbol 2 represents a resistor, symbol 3 represents an LED, and symbol 4 represents a diode. D. Symbol 1 represents a transistor, symbol 2 represents a diode, symbol 3 represents a resistor, and symbol 4 represents an LED. 6. Which of the following is a correct definition of the term rectification? A. Rectification is the opposition to current flow in a circuit. B. Rectification involves sensing an electrical quantity and converting it to a signal. C. Rectification is the conversion of AC current to DC current. D. Rectification refers to the connection of components into a circuit. FIGURE A-2—Use this illustration to answer Questions 7–10. 7. Look at the simple circuit illustrated in Figure A-2. What will happen when only switch S1 is closed? A. The light bulb will light up. B. Current will flow in the circuit. C. The resistance of the circuit will increase. D. Nothing will happen—the light bulb won't light up. 8. In the circuit shown in Figure A-2, what will happen when switches S1 and S3 are both closed? A. The light bulb will light up. B. Current will flow in the circuit. C. The resistance of the circuit will increase. D. Nothing will happen—the light bulb won't light up. 9. In the circuit shown in Figure A-2, what will happen when switches S2 and S3 are both closed? A. The light bulb will light up. B. Current will flow in the circuit. C. The resistance of the circuit will increase. D. Nothing will happen—the light bulb won't light up. 10. In the circuit shown in Figure A-2, which switches must be closed in order for the light bulb to light up? A. Only switch S1 needs to be closed in order for the light bulb to light up. B. Only switches S1 and S2 need to be closed in order for the light bulb to light up. C. Only switches S1 and S3 need to be closed in order for the light bulb to light up. D. Only switches S2 and S3 need to be closed in order for the light bulb to light up. 11. At a job interview, the most effective way to prove your proficiency to a prospective employer is to show that you have A. membership in several professional organizations. B. certification as an electronics technician. C. experience with on-line research. D. your own test equipment. 12. Which one of the following letters is used as an abbreviation when representing a unit of electric current? A. E B. R C. C D. A FIGURE A-3—Use this illustration to answer Question 13. 13. Safety is a concern around electronic equipment of all types. When you see the sign and the symbol shown in Figure A-3, what particular safety hazard may exist? A. High voltage B. Laser light C. Delicate equipment D. Radioactivity 14. Which of the following statements about light-emitting diodes is correct? A. Light-emitting diodes conduct current in either direction in circuits. B. Light-emitting diodes are used as indicators in circuits. C. Light-emitting diodes have very short life-spans in circuits. D. Light-emitting diodes are used as rectifiers in circuits. 15. On a printed circuit board, electronic components will be mounted A. from the substrate side of the board. B. from the side of the board that contains the conducting paths.

Anyone intrested in writing a two page summary of this? FIBER KEEPS ITS PROMISE BY GEORGE GILDER "Today, I await the death of television, telephony, VCRs, and analog cameras with utter confidence as Moore's law unfolds." Rupert Murdoch, Ted Turner, John Malone, are you listening?" Get ready. Bandwidth will triple each year for the next 25, creating trillions in new wealth. Editor's note: Four years ago, Forbes ASAP published its first issue with a stunning prophecy by contributing editor George Gilder. Fiber optics, said George, had the potential to carry 25 trillion bits per second down a single strand. This represented a ten-thousandfold leap in carrying capacity over the 2.5 billion bits "barrier" long assumed by most experts in the field. What did George see that others had missed? One, a little-recognized (at the time) breakthrough called an erbium-doped amplifier, which keeps optical signals pure and strong over long distances. The other was a deep technical shift, with roots in the 1940s-era work of information theory pioneer Claude Shannon. If you believed Shannon, his logic dictated a new messaging scheme called wave division multiplexing. Though scorned by the experts four years ago, WDM now is emerging as the winner George had prophesied. The real winners will be all of us, as the coming world of cheap, unlimited bandwidth unfolds and at last fulfills the true potential of the information age. Here is George with an update. IMAGINE THAT IN 1975 YOU KNEW that Moore's law--the Intel chairman's projection of the doubling of the number of transistors on a microchip every 18 months--would hold for the rest of your lifetime. What if you knew that these transistors would run cooler, faster, better, and cheaper as they got smaller and were crammed more closely together? Suppose you knew the law of the microcosm: that the cost-effectiveness of any number of "n" transistors on a single silicon sliver would rise by the square of the increase in "n." As an investor knowing this Moore's law trajectory, you would have been able to predict and exploit a long series of developments: the emergence of the PC; its dominance over all other computer form factors; the success of companies making chips, disk drives, peripherals, and software for this machine. With a slight effort of intellect, you could have extended the insight and prophesied the digitization of watches, records (CDs), cellular phones, cameras, TVs, broadcast satellites, and other devices that can use miniaturized computer power. If you did not know precisely when each of these benisons would flourish, you would have known that each one was essentially inevitable. To calculate approximate dates, you had only to guess the product's optimal price of popularization and then match its need for mips (millions of instructions per second) of computer power with the cost of those mips as defined by Moore's law. Merely by using this technique of Moore's law matching--and holding to it with unshakable conviction for nearly 20 years--I became known as a "futurist." Today I await the death of television, telephony, VCRs, and analog cameras with utter confidence as Moore's law unfolds. You can tell me about the 98% penetration of TVs in American homes, the continuing popularity of couch-potato entertainments, the effectiveness of broadcast advertising, and the profound and unbridgeable chasm between the office appliance and the living-room tube. But I will pay no attention. Just you wait--Jack Welch, Ted Turner, Rupert Murdoch, John Malone, and David Jennings--the TV will die and you may be too late for the Net. It is now 1997, and a stream of dramatic events certifies that another law, as powerful and fateful and inexorable as Moore's, is gaining a similar sway over the future of technology. It is what I have termed the law of the telecosm. Its physical base lies in the same quantum realm of eigenstates and band gaps that governs the performance of transistors and also makes photons leap and lase. But the telecosm reaches beyond components to systems, combining the science of the electromagnetic spectrum with Claude Shannon's information theory. In essence, as frequencies rise and wavelengths drop, digital performance improves exponentially. Bandwidth rises, power usage sinks, antenna size shrinks, interference collapses, error rates plummet. The law of the telecosm ordains that the total bandwidth of communications systems will triple every year for the next 25 years. As communicators move up-spectrum, they can use bandwidth as a substitute for power, memory, and switching. This results in far cheaper and more efficient systems. In 1996, the new fiber paradigm emerged in full force. Parallel communications in all-optical networks became the dominant source of new bandwidth in telecom. Like Moore's law, the law of the telecosm will reshape the entire world of information technology. It defines the direction of technological advance, the vectors of growth, the sweet spots for finance. AMERICA'S DARK SECRET FOR MORE THAN A DECADE, American companies have been laying optical fiber strands at a pace of some 4,000 miles a day, for a total of more than 25 million strand miles. Five years ago, the top 10% of U.S. homes and businesses were, on average, a thousand households away from a fiber node; now they are a hundred households away. However, the imperial advance of this technology conceals a dark secret, which has led to a pervasive underestimation of the long-term impact of photonics. Sixty percent of the fiber remains "dark" (unused for communications) and even the leading-edge "lit" fiber is being used at less than one ten-thousandth of its intrinsic capacity. This problem has prompted leaders in the industry, from Bill Gates and Andy Grove to Bob Metcalfe and Mitch Kapor, to underrate drastically the impact of fiber optics. Restricting the speed and cost-effectiveness of fiber has been an electronic bottleneck and a regulatory noose. In order for the signal to be amplified, regenerated, or switched, the light pulses had to be transformed into electronic pulses by optoelectronic converters. For all the talk of the speed of light, fiber-optic systems therefore could pass bits no faster than the switching speed of transistors, which tops out at a cycle time of between 2.5 and 10 gigahertz. Meanwhile, telecom companies could not deploy new low-cost fiber products any faster than the switching speed of politicians and regulators, which tops out roughly at a cycle time of between 2.5 years and a rate of evolution measurable only by means of carbon 14. Nonetheless, the intrinsic capacity of every fiber line is not 2.5 gigahertz. Nor is it even 25 gigahertz, which is roughly the capacity of all the frequencies commonly used in the air, from AM radio to kA band satellite. The intrinsic capacity of every fiber thread, as thin as a human hair, is at the least one thousand times the capacity of what we call the "air." One thread could carry all the calls in America on the peak moment of Mother's Day. One fiber thread could carry 25 times more bits than last year's average traffic load of all the world's communications networks put together: an estimated terabit (trillion bits) a second. Over the last five years, technological breakthroughs and legislative loopholes have begun to open up this immense capacity to possible use. Following concepts pioneered and patented by David Payne at the University of Southampton in England, a Bell Laboratories group led by Emmanuel Desurvire and Randy Giles developed a workable all-optical device. They showed that a short stretch of fiber doped with erbium, a rare earth mineral, and excited by a cheap laser diode can function as a powerful amplifier over fully 4,500 gigahertz of the 25,000 gigahertz span. Introduced by Pirelli of Italy and popularized by Ciena Corporation of Savage, Maryland, and by Lucent and Alcatel, today such photonic amplifiers are a practical reality. Put in packages between two and three cubic inches in size, the erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) fit anywhere in an optical network for enhancing signals without electronics. This invention overcame the most fundamental disadvantage of optical networks compared to electronic networks. You can tap into an electronic network as often as desired without eroding the voltage signal. Although resistance and capacitance will leach away the current, there are no splitting losses in a voltage divider. Photonic signals, by contrast, suffer splitting losses every time they are tapped; they lose photons until eventually there are none left. The cheap and compact all-optical amplifier solves this problem. It is an invention comparable in importance to the integrated circuit. Just as the integrated circuit made it possible to put an entire computer system on a single sliver of silicon, the all-optical amplifier makes it possible to put an entire system on a seamless seine of silica--glass. Unleashing the law of the telecosm, it makes possible a new global economy of bandwidth abundance. Five years ago when I first celebrated the radical implications of erbium-doped amplifiers, skepticism reigned. I was summoned to Bellcore, where the first optical networks had been built and then abandoned, to learn the acute limits of the technology from Charles Brackett and his team. I had offered the vision of a broadband fibersphere--a worldwide web of glass and light--where computer users could tune into favored frequencies as readily as radios tune into frequencies in the atmosphere today. But Brackett and other Bellcore experts told me that my basic assumption was false. It was no simpler, they said, to tune into one of scores of frequencies on a fiber than to select time slots in a time-division-multiplexed (TDM) bitstream. Indeed, electronic switching technology was moving faster than optical technology. In the face of the momentum and installed base of electronic switching and multiplexing, the fibersphere with hundreds of tunable frequencies would remain a fantasy, like Ted Nelson's Xanadu. In 1997 the fantasy is coming true around the world. Xanadu has become the World Wide Web. The erbium-doped fiber amplifier is an explosively growing $250 million business. Electronic TDM seems to have topped out at 2.5 gigabits a second. TDM gear has suffered a series of delays and nagging defects and so far has failed in the market. Electronic TDM failed not only because it pushed the envelope of electronics but also because it violated the new paradigm. In single-mode fiber, the two key impediments are nonlinearities in the glass and chromatic dispersion (the blurring of bit pulses because even in a single band different frequencies move at different speeds). Chromatic dispersion increases by the square of the bit rate, and the impact of nonlinearities rises with the power of the signal. High-powered, high-bit-rate TDM flunked both telecosm tests. By contrast, wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) follows the laws of the telecosm; it succeeds by wasting bandwidth and stinting on power. WDM takes some 33% more bandwidth per bit than TDM, but it reduces power to combat nonlinearity and divides the bitstream into multiple frequencies in order to combat dispersion. Thus it can extend the distance or increase capacity by a factor of four or more today and can lay the foundations for the fibersphere tomorrow. In 1996 the new fiber paradigm emerged in full force. Parallel communications in all-optical networks, long depicted as a broadband pipe dream, crushed all competitors and became the dominant source of new bandwidth in the world telecom network. The year began with a trifold explosion at the Conference on Optical Fiber Communication in San Jose when three companies--Lucent Technologies' Bell Labs, NTT Labs, and Fujitsu--all announced terabit-per-second WDM transmissions down a single fiber. Sprint confirmed the significance of the laboratory breakthroughs by announcing deployment of Ciena's MultiWave 1600 WDM system, so called because it can increase the capacity of a single fiber thread by 1,600%. The revolution continues in 1997. At the beginning of January, NEC declared that by increasing the number of bits per hertz from one to three, it had raised the laboratory WDM record to three terabits per second. During 1996, MCI had increased the speed of its Internet backbone by a factor of 25, from 45 megabits a second to 1.2 gigabits. On January 6, Fred Briggs, chief engineering officer at MCI, announced that his company is in the process of installing new WDM equipment from Hitachi and Pirelli that increases the speed of its phone network backbone to 40 gigabits per second. Accelerating MCI's previous plans by some two years, the new system will use a more limited form of wavelength-division multiplexing to put four 10-gigabit in-cause formation streams on a single fiber thread. The first deployment will use existing facilities on a 275-mile route between Chicago and St. Louis, but the technology will be extended to the entire network. This move will consummate a nearly thousandfold upgrade of the MCI backbone, from 45 megabits per second to 40 gigabits, within some 36 months. Ciena, meanwhile, has announced technology that allows transmission of 100 gigabits per second. Its February IPO was the most important since Netscape (market cap at the end of the first trading day: $3.4 billion). Why? Ciena is the industry leader in open standard WDM gear. During the first six months the MultiWave 1600 was available, through October 1996, the firm achieved $54.8 million in sales and $15 million in net income. (Lucent is believed to be the overall leader with more than $100 million of mostly proprietary AT&T systems.) At the same time, the trans-Pacific consortium announced that it would deploy 100-gigabit-per-second fiber in its new link between the United States and Asia. A powerful new player in these markets will be Tellabs, currently the fastest-growing supplier of electronic digital cross-connect switches and other optical switching gear. In a further coup, following its purchase of broadband digital radio pioneer Steinbrecher, Tellabs has signed up all 12 principals in IBM's all-optical team. Headed by Paul Green, recent chairman of the IEEE Communications Society and author of the leading text on fiber networks, and by Rajiv Ramaswami, coauthor of a new 1997 text on the subject, the IBM group built the world's first fully functioning all-optical networks (AONs), the Rainbow series. Tellabs now owns the 11 AON patents and 100 listed technology disclosures of the group. The implications of the WDM paradigm go beyond simple data pipes. The greatest impact of all-optical technology will likely come in consumer markets. A portent is Artel Video Systems of Marlborough, Massachusetts, which recently introduced a fiber-based WDM system that can transmit 48 digital video channels, 288 CD-quality audio bitstreams, and 64 data channels on one fiber line. Aggregating contributions from a variety of content sources--each on different fiber wavelengths--and delivering them to consumers who tune into favored frequencies on conventional cable, the Artel system represents a key step into the fibersphere. It can be used for new services by either cable TV companies or telcos. The deeper significance of the Artel product, however, is its use of bandwidth as a replacement for transistors and switches. The Artel system works on dark fiber without compression. The video uses 200-megabit-per-second bitstreams (compare MPEG2 at 4 to 6 megabytes per second) that permit lossless transmissions suitable for medical imaging, and obviate dedicated processing of compression codes at the two ends. A move to massively parallel communications analogous to the move to parallel computers, all-optical networks promise nearly boundless bandwidth in fiber. According to Ewart Lowe of British Telecom, whose labs at Martlesham Heath in Ipswich have been a fount of all-optical technology, the new paradigm will reduce the cost of transport by a factor of 10. For example, the optoelectronic amplifiers previously used in fiber networks entailed nine power-hungry bipolar microchips for each wavelength, rather than a simple loop of doped silica that covers scores of wavelengths. As these systems move down through the network hierarchy, the growth of network bandwidth and cost-effectiveness will not only outpace Moore's law, it will also excel the rise in bandwidth within computers--their internal "buses" connecting their microprocessors to memory and input-output. While MCI and Sprint move to deploy technology that functions at 40 gigabits a second, current computers and workstations command buses that run at a rate of close to 1 gigabit a second. This change in the relationship between the bandwidth of networks and the bandwidth of computers will transform the architecture of information technology. As Robert Lucky of Bellcore puts it, "Perhaps we should transmit signals thousands of miles to avoid even the simplest processing function." Lucky implies that the law of the telecosm eclipses the law of the microcosm. Actually, the law of the microcosm makes distributed computers (smart terminals) more efficient regardless of the cost of linking them together. The law of the telecosm makes broadband networks more efficient regardless of how numerous and smart are the terminals. Working together, however, these two laws of wires and switches impel ever more widely distributed information systems, with processing and memory in the optimal locations. WHAT SHOULD THE MAJOR PLAYERS DO NOW? FOR THE TELEPHONE COMPANIES, the age of ever smarter terminals mandates the emergence of ever dumber networks. Telephone companies may complain of the large costs of the transformation of their system, but they command capital budgets as large as the total revenues of the cable industry. Telcos may recoil in horror at the idea of dark fiber, but they command webs of the stuff 10 times larger than any other industry. Dumb and dark networks may not fit the phone company self-image or advertising posture. But they promise larger markets than the current phone company plan to choke off their own future in the labyrinthine nets of an "intelligent switching fabric" always behind schedule and full of software bugs. Telephone switches (now 80% software) are already too complex to keep pace with the efflorescence of the Internet. While computers become ever more lean and mean, turning to reduced instruction-set processors and Java stations, networks need to adopt reduced instruction-set architectures. The ultimate in dumb and dark is the fibersphere now incubating in their magnificent laboratories. The entrepreneurial folk in the computer industry may view this wrenching phone company adjustment with some satisfaction. But computer firms must also adjust. Now addicted to the use of transistors to solve the problems of limited bandwidth, the computer industry must use transistors to exploit the nearly unlimited bandwidth. When home-based machines are optimized for manipulating high-resolution digital video at high speeds, they will necessarily command what are now called supercomputer powers. This will mean that the dominant computer technology will first emerge not in the office market but in the consumer market. The major challenge for the computer industry is to change its focus from a few hundred million offices already full of computer technology to a billion living rooms now nearly devoid of it. Cable companies possess the advantage of already owning dumb networks based on the essentials of the all-optical model of broadcast and select--of customers seeking wavelengths or frequencies rather than switching circuits. Cable companies already provide all the programs to all the terminals and allow them to tune in to the desired messages. But the cable industry cannot become a full-service supplier of telecommunications unless the regulators give up their ridiculous two-wire dream in which everyone competes with cable and no one makes any money. Cash-poor and bandwidth-rich, cable companies need to collaborate with telcos--which are cash-rich and bandwidth-poor--in a joint effort to create broadband systems in their own regions. In all eras, companies tend to prevail by maximizing the use of the cheapest resources. In the age of the fibersphere, they will use the huge intrinsic bandwidth of fiber, all 25,000 gigahertz or more, to simplify everything else. This means replacing nearly all the hundreds of billions of dollars' worth of switches, bridges, routers, converters, codecs, compressors, error correctors, and other devices, together with the trillions of lines of software code, that pervade the intelligent switching fabric of both telephone and computer networks. The makers of all this equipment will resist mightily. But there is no chance that the old regime can prevail by fighting cheap and simple optics with costly and complex electronics and software. The all-optical network will triumph for the same reason that the integrated circuit triumphed: It is incomparably cheaper than the competition. Today, measured by the admittedly rough metric of mips per dollar, a personal computer is more than 2,000 times more cost-effective than a mainframe. Within 10 years, the all-optical network will be thousands of times more cost-effective than electronic networks. Just as the electron rules in computers, the photon will rule the waves of communication. I know people would not write it..But worth a try:)

can someone please check my answers?? thanks? 1. When electric current is flowing in a circuit, if the voltage applied to the circuit is increased, A. the resistance will increase. B. the current will increase. C. the resistance will decrease. D. the current will decrease. 2. Which of the following information sources will not be directly affected by the Telecommunications Act of 1996? A. Telephone services B. The Internet C. Newspaper publishing D. Cable television 3. Porcelain, paper, glass, and rubber are all examples of electrical A. conductors. B. batteries. C. insulators. D. grounds. 4. A testing instrument that an electronics technician will connect to selected points inside a piece of electronic equipment and measure electrical values such as ohms, volts, and amperes is called A. a signal generator. B. a power supply. C. an oscilloscope. D. a multimeter. FIGURE A-1—Use this illustration to answer Question 5. 5. Look at the four schematic symbols shown in Figure A-1. Each of the symbols is labeled with a number. Which of the following statements about these symbols is correct? A. Symbol 1 represents a diode, symbol 2 represents a resistor, symbol 3 represents an LED, and symbol 4 represents a transistor. B. Symbol 1 represents a diode, symbol 2 represents an LED, symbol 3 represents a transistor, and symbol 4 represents a resistor. C. Symbol 1 represents a transistor, symbol 2 represents a resistor, symbol 3 represents an LED, and symbol 4 represents a diode. D. Symbol 1 represents a transistor, symbol 2 represents a diode, symbol 3 represents a resistor, and symbol 4 represents an LED. 6. Which of the following is a correct definition of the term rectification? A. Rectification is the opposition to current flow in a circuit. B. Rectification involves sensing an electrical quantity and converting it to a signal. C. Rectification is the conversion of AC current to DC current. D. Rectification refers to the connection of components into a circuit. FIGURE A-2—Use this illustration to answer Questions 7–10. 7. Look at the simple circuit illustrated in Figure A-2. What will happen when only switch S1 is closed? A. The light bulb will light up. B. Current will flow in the circuit. C. The resistance of the circuit will increase. D. Nothing will happen—the light bulb won't light up. 8. In the circuit shown in Figure A-2, what will happen when switches S1 and S3 are both closed? A. The light bulb will light up. B. Current will flow in the circuit. C. The resistance of the circuit will increase. D. Nothing will happen—the light bulb won't light up. 9. In the circuit shown in Figure A-2, what will happen when switches S2 and S3 are both closed? A. The light bulb will light up. B. Current will flow in the circuit. C. The resistance of the circuit will increase. D. Nothing will happen—the light bulb won't light up. 10. In the circuit shown in Figure A-2, which switches must be closed in order for the light bulb to light up? A. Only switch S1 needs to be closed in order for the light bulb to light up. B. Only switches S1 and S2 need to be closed in order for the light bulb to light up. C. Only switches S1 and S3 need to be closed in order for the light bulb to light up. D. Only switches S2 and S3 need to be closed in order for the light bulb to light up. 11. At a job interview, the most effective way to prove your proficiency to a prospective employer is to show that you have A. membership in several professional organizations. B. certification as an electronics technician. C. experience with on-line research. D. your own test equipment. 12. Which one of the following letters is used as an abbreviation when representing a unit of electric current? A. E B. R C. C D. A FIGURE A-3—Use this illustration to answer Question 13. 13. Safety is a concern around electronic equipment of all types. When you see the sign and the symbol shown in Figure A-3, what particular safety hazard may exist? A. High voltage B. Laser light C. Delicate equipment D. Radioactivity 14. Which of the following statements about light-emitting diodes is correct? A. Light-emitting diodes conduct current in either direction in circuits. B. Light-emitting diodes are used as indicators in circuits. C. Light-emitting diodes have very short life-spans in circuits. D. Light-emitting diodes are used

What do you think about the holographic universe theory? The Universe as a Hologram by Michael Talbot Does Objective Reality Exist, or is the Universe a Phantasm? In 1982 a remarkable event took place. At the University of Paris a research team led by physicist Alain Aspect performed what may turn out to be one of the most important experiments of the 20th century. You did not hear about it on the evening news. In fact, unless you are in the habit of reading scientific journals you probably have never even heard Aspect's name, though there are some who believe his discovery may change the face of science. Aspect and his team discovered that under certain circumstances subatomic particles such as electrons are able to instantaneously communicate with each other regardless of the distance separating them. It doesn't matter whether they are 10 feet or 10 billion miles apart. Somehow each particle always seems to know what the other is doing. The problem with this feat is that it violates Einstein's long-held tenet that no communication can travel faster than the speed of light. Since traveling faster than the speed of light is tantamount to breaking the time barrier, this daunting prospect has caused some physicists to try to come up with elaborate ways to explain away Aspect's findings. But it has inspired others to offer even more radical explanations. University of London physicist David Bohm, for example, believes Aspect's findings imply that objective reality does not exist, that despite its apparent solidity the universe is at heart a phantasm, a gigantic and splendidly detailed hologram. To understand why Bohm makes this startling assertion, one must first understand a little about holograms. A hologram is a three- dimensional photograph made with the aid of a laser. To make a hologram, the object to be photographed is first bathed in the light of a laser beam. Then a second laser beam is bounced off the reflected light of the first and the resulting interference pattern (the area where the two laser beams commingle) is captured on film. When the film is developed, it looks like a meaningless swirl of light and dark lines. But as soon as the developed film is illuminated by another laser beam, a three-dimensional image of the original object appears. The three-dimensionality of such images is not the only remarkable characteristic of holograms. If a hologram of a rose is cut in half and then illuminated by a laser, each half will still be found to contain the entire image of the rose. Indeed, even if the halves are divided again, each snippet of film will always be found to contain a smaller but intact version of the original image. Unlike normal photographs, every part of a hologram contains all the information possessed by the whole. The "whole in every part" nature of a hologram provides us with an entirely new way of understanding organization and order. For most of its history, Western science has labored under the bias that the best way to understand a physical phenomenon, whether a frog or an atom, is to dissect it and study its respective parts. A hologram teaches us that some things in the universe may not lend themselves to this approach. If we try to take apart something constructed holographically, we will not get the pieces of which it is made, we will only get smaller wholes. This insight suggested to Bohm another way of understanding Aspect's discovery. Bohm believes the reason subatomic particles are able to remain in contact with one another regardless of the distance separating them is not because they are sending some sort of mysterious signal back and forth, but because their separateness is an illusion. He argues that at some deeper level of reality such particles are not individual entities, but are actually extensions of the same fundamental something. To enable people to better visualize what he means, Bohm offers the following illustration. Imagine an aquarium containing a fish. Imagine also that you are unable to see the aquarium directly and your knowledge about it and what it contains comes from two television cameras, one directed at the aquarium's front and the other directed at its side. As you stare at the two television monitors, you might assume that the fish on each of the screens are separate entities. After all, because the cameras are set at different angles, each of the images will be slightly different. But as you continue to watch the two fish, you will eventually become aware that there is a certain relationship between them. When one turns, the other also makes a slightly different but corresponding turn; when one faces the front, the other always faces toward the side. If you remain unaware of the full scope of the situation, you might even conclude that the fish must be instantaneously communicating with one another, but this is clearly not the case. This, says Bohm, is precisely what is going on between the subatomic particles in Aspect's experiment. According to Bohm, the apparent faste

Dumb and Funny Warning Labels On Products? Liquid Plummer Warning: Do not reuse the bottle to store beverages. Windex Do not spray in eyes. Toilet Plunger Caution: Do not use near power lines. Dremel Electric Rotary Tool This product not intended for use as a dental drill. Arm & Hammer Scoopable Cat Litter Safe to use around pets. Bowl Fresh Safe to use around pets and children, although it is not recommended that either be permitted to drink from toilet. Endust Duster This product is not defined as flammable by the Consumer Products Safety Commision Regulations. However, this product can be ignited under certain circumstances. Baby Oil Keep out of reach of children Little Ones Baby Lotion Keep away from children Hair Coloring Do not use as an ice cream topping. Wet-Nap Directions: Tear open packet and use. Dial Soap Directions: Use like regular soap. Stridex Foaming Face Wash May contain foam. Hairdryer: Do not use while taking a shower. Old Spice Red Zone Deoderant Use only on underarms. Zantac 75 Do not take if allergic to zantac. Sleeping Pills Warning: May cause Drowsiness Christmas Lights Warning: For indoor or outdoor use only. Bic Lighter Ignite lighter away from face. Komatsu Floodlight This floodlight is capable of illuminating large areas, even in the dark Fire Extinguisher: Caution: Non-Flamable Earplugs These ear plugs are nontoxic, but may interfere with breathing if caught in windpipe Mattress Warning: Do not attempt to swallow Matches Caution: Contents may catch fire. Pepper Spray Caution: Never aim spray at your own eyes. Auto-Shade Widnshield Visor Warning: Do not drive with sunshade in place. Remove from windshield before starting ignition. Fix-a-Flat WARNING: Do not weld can to rim. Rain Gauge Suitable for outdoor use. RCA Television Remote Control Not Dishwasher Safe Pine Mountain Fire Logs Caution: Risk of fire Triops Fish Food Warning: Not for human consumption Home Depot Treated Lumber Do not consume Hair Dryer Warning: Do not use while sleeping. Road Sign Caution water on road during rain. Camera This camera will only work when film is inside. Road Sign Cemetery Road. Dead End Church Parking Lot Sign Thou shalt not park Children's Superman Costume Wearing of this garment does not enable you to fly. Silk Soy Milk Shake well and buy often Air Conditioner Caution: Avoid dropping air conditioners out of windows. Rowenta Iron Warning: Never iron clothes on the body. Slush Puppy Cup This ice may be cold American Airlines Peanuts Instructions: open packet, eat nuts. Nabisco Easy Cheese For best results, remove cap. Swanson TV Dinners This product must be cooked before eating. Hershey's Almond Bar Warning: May contain traces of nuts Heinz Ketchup Instructions: Put on food 500-piece puzzle: Some assembly required. Beach Ball CAUTION: It is not a life saving device. Chainsaw Do not attempt to stop chain with hands. Sears hairdryer: Do not use while sleeping. Bag of Fritos: You could be a winner! No purchase necessary. Details inside. Bar of Dial soap: Directions: Use like regular soap. Swann frozen dinners: Serving suggestion: Defrost. Hotel provided shower cap in a box: Fits one head. Tesco's Tiramisu dessert: (printed on bottom of the box) Do not turn upside down. Marks & Spencer Bread Pudding: Product will be hot after heating. Packaging for a Rowenta iron: Do not iron clothes on body. Boot's Children's cough medicine: Do not drive car or operate machinery. Nytol sleep aid: Warning: may cause drowsiness. String of Chinese-made Christmas lights: For indoor or outdoor use only. Japanese food processor: Not to be used for the other use. Sainsbury's peanuts: Warning: contains nuts. American Airlines packet of nuts: Instructions: open packet, eat nuts. Korean kitchen knife: Warning keep out of children Helmet mounted mirror used by us cyclists: Remember, objects in the mirror are actually behind you New Zealand insect spray: This product not tested on animals. Blanket from taiwan: not to be used as protection from a tornado Cardboard windshield sun shade: Warning: Do Not Drive With Sun Shield in Place. Infant's bathtub: Do not throw baby out with bath water. Package of Fisherman's Friend throat lozenges: Not meant as substitute for human companionship. Disposable razor: Do not use this product during an earthquake. Bottle of shampoo for dogs Caution: The contents of this bottle should not be fed to fish. Curling Iron Warning: This product can burn eyes. Hair Dryer Do not use in shower. Hair Dryer Do not use while sleeping. Hand-held Massaging Device Do not use while sleeping or unconscious. Case of a chocolate CD in a gift basket. Do not place this product into any electronic equipment. A toilet at a public sports facility Recycled flush water unsafe for drinking. Pair of shin guards made for bicyclists Shin pads cannot protect any part of the body they do not cover. Container of Underarm Deodorant. Caution: Do not spray in eyes. Aim-n-Flame fireplace lighter. Do not use near fire, flame, or sparks. Toner cartridge for a laser printer Do not eat toner. 13-inch wheel on a wheelbarrow Not intended for highway use. Can of self-defense pepper spray. May irritate eyes. Novelty rock garden set called "Popcorn Rock" Eating rocks may lead to broken teeth. A frisbee Warning: May contain small parts. A toilet bowl cleaning brush. Do not use orally. A birthday card for a 1 year old. Not suitable for children aged 36 months or less. Heated seat cushion Warning: Do not use on eyes. Microwave Oven: Do not use for drying pets. Electric Cattle Prod For use on animals only. Can of air freshener. For use by trained personnel only. Silly Putty Do not use as ear plugs. Knife sharpening stone Warning: knives are sharp! Deodorant Do not use intimately. Rat Poison Warning: has been found to cause cancer in laboratory mice. Portable stroller Caution: Remove infant before folding for storage. Dashboard of a mail truck Look before driving. Children's cough medicine Do not drive car or operate machinery. Sign at a railroad station Beware! To touch these wires is instant death. Anyone found doing so will be prosecuted. Bottom of a supermarket dessert box Do not turn upside down. Package of dice. Not for human consumption. Bottled Drink: Twist top off with hands. Throw top away. Do not put top in mouth. Shipment of hammers May be harmful if swallowed. Manual for an SGI computer. Do not dangle the mouse by its cable or throw the mouse at co-workers. Stamped on the metal barrel of a .22 calibre rifle Warning: Misuse may cause injury or death. Electric Thermometer. Do not use orally after using rectally. Packaging for a chain saw file, used to sharpen the cutting teeth on the chain. Turn off motor before using this product. 6x10 inch inflatable picture frame Not to be used as a personal flotation device. Box of bottle rockets Do not put in mouth. Wrapper of a Fruit Roll-Up snack Remove plastic before eating. Box for a car jack For lifting purposes only. Instructions for a cordless phone: Do not put lit candles on phone. Small print from car commercial which shows a car in the ocean Do not drive cars in ocean. Small print from a car commercial which shows a vehicle "body-surfing" at a concert Always drive on roads. Not on people. Bus Stop No stopping or standing. Church Sign These rows reserved for parents with children. Bag of Fritos You could be a winner! No purchase necessary. Details inside. Credit card statement. Payment is due by the due date. Laundromat triple washer No small children. Sign in front of a newly renovated ramp that led to the entrance of a building Take care: new non-slip surface. Box of Pills Take one capsule by mouth three times daily until gone. Instructions on the packaging for a muffin at a 7-11 Remove wrapper, open mouth, insert muffin, eat. Can of black pepper. Instructions: usage known. Bag of cat biscuits Simply pour the biscuits into a bowl and allow the cat to eat when it wants. Car Manual In order to get out of car, open door, get out, lock doors, and then close doors. Espresso Kettle The appliance is switched on by setting the on/off switch to the 'on' position. T.V. manual Do not pour liquids into your television set. Label on a hammer Caution - Do not use this hammer to strike any solid object VCR box Instructional video on hooking up VCR included. Toilet brush Do not use for personal hygiene. Black rubber fishing worm Not for human consumption. Orange Juice Can: 100% pure all-natural fresh-squeezed orange juice from concentrate. Depend Adult Diapers Step into underwear and pull them on just like regular underwear. Furniture Wipes Do not use for a baby wipe. Stickers to put on the seat of a potty training toilet This is not a toy. Stickers require adult supervision. Lawnmower Warning: When Motor Is Running - The Blade Is Turning Instructions on the bottom of a grocery store pizza Do not turn upside down. Bottom of a Coca-Cola bottle Do not open here. Bottle of bathtub cleaner For best results, start with clean bathtub before use. Container of lighter fluid WARNING: Contents flammable! Box of household nails CAUTION! - Do NOT swallow nails! May cause irritation! Microwave popcorn, packaged so that the directions cannot be read unless you open the plastic and unfold it Direction #1: Remove plastic. Drink bottle label Do not peel label off. Woolite carpet cleaner Safe for carpets, too! Box of Frosted Cheerio's The logo, "Tastes so good this box never closes," is located just underneath another announcement: "To close: place tab here." Sterno Do not use near fire or flame. Container of salt Warning: High in sodium Hose Nozzle Do not spray into electrical outlet.

Know anything about intersecting lasers? I remember on television a few years ago (the source of all true knowledge, yes?) some discussion on unorthodox and developing cancer treatments. Among those discussed was this one: Two precise lasers beams, which, on their own, are harmless to human tissue, are intersected at certain points in areas of cancerous growth. The combination of the lasers is supposedly enough to destroy pinpointed cancer cells. I don't know how accurate this was supposed to be (on a cellular level?), but I found it an interesting idea. I know little about lasers; is this a scientifically sound idea? If so, and assuming the tv show wasn't bogus, has anyone heard of any further pursuit of this idea? Belated apologies; this question may be better placed in a medicine or physics category.

In the 1400's a law was set forth in England that a man was allowed to beat his wife with a stick no thicker t In the 1400's a law was set forth in England that a man was allowed to beat his wife with a stick no thicker than his thumb. Hence we have "the rule of thumb" ------------------------------------------- Many years ago in Scotland , a new game was invented. It was ruled "Gentlemen Only...Ladies Forbidden"...and thus the word GOLF entered into the English language. ------------------------------------------- The first couple to be shown in bed together on prime time TV were Fred and Wilma Flintstone. ------------------------------------------- Every day more money is printed for Monopoly than the U.S.Treasury. ------------------------------------------- Men can read smaller print than women can; women can hear better. ------------------------------------------- Coca-Cola was originally green. ------------------------------------------- It is impossible to lick your elbow. ------------------------------------------- The State with the highest percentage of people who walk to work: Alaska ------------------------------------------- The percentage of Africa that is wilderness: 28% (now get this...) ------------------------------------------- The percentage of North America that is wilderness: 38% ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The cost of raising a medium-size dog to the age of eleven: $6,400 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The average number of people airborne over the U.S. in any given hour: 61,000 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Intelligent people have more zinc and copper in their hair. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The first novel ever written on a typewriter: Tom Sawyer. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The San Francisco Cable cars are the only mobile National Monuments. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Each king in a deck of playing cards represents a great king from history: Spades - King David Hearts - Charlemagne Clubs -Alexander, the Great Diamonds - Julius Caesar ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 111,111,111 x 111,111,111 = 12,345,678,987,654,321 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- If a statue in the park of a person on a horse has both front legs in the air, the person died in battle. If the horse has one front leg in the air the person died as a result of wounds received in battle. If the horse has all four legs on the ground, the person died of natural causes. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Only two people signed the Declaration of Independence on July 4th, John Hancock and Charles Thomson. Most of the rest signed on August 2, but the last signature wasn't added until 5 years later. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q. Half of all Americans live within 50 miles of what? A. Their birthplace -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q. Most boat owners name their boats. What is the most popular boat name requested? A. Obsession ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q. If you were to spell out numbers, how far would you have to go until you would find the letter "A"? A. One thousand ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q. What do bulletproof vests, fire escapes, windshield wipers, and laser printers all have in common? A. All were invented by women. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q. What is the only food that doesn't spoil? A. Honey -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q. Which day are there more collect calls than any other day of the year? A. Father's Day ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In Shakespeare's time, mattresses were secured on bed frames by ropes. When you pulled on the ropes the mattress tightened, making the bed firmer to sleep on. Hence the phrase......... "goodnight, sleep tight." ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- It was the accepted practice in Babylon 4,000 years ago that for a month after the wedding, the bride's father would supply his son-in-law with all the mead he could drink. Mead is a honey beer and because their calendar was lunar based, this period was called the honey month, which we know today as the honeymoon. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In English pubs, ale is ordered by pints and quarts... So in old England , when customers got unruly, the bartender would yell at them "Mind your pints and quarts, and settle down." It's where we get the phrase "mind your P's and Q's" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Many years ago in England , pub frequenters had a whistle baked into the rim, or handle, of their ceramic cups. When they needed a refill, they used the whistle to get some service. "Wet your whistle" is the phrase inspired by this practice. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ~~~~~~~~~~~AND FINALLY~~~~~~~~~~~~ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- At least 75% of people who read this will try to lick their elbow! ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Don't delete this just because it looks weird. Believe it or not, you can read it. I cdnuolt blveiee taht I cluod aulaclty uesdnatnrd waht I was rdanieg. The phaonmneal pweor of the hmuan mnid Aoccdrnig to rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn't mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoatnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer be in the rghit pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit a porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe. Amzanig huh? ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- YOU KNOW YOU ARE LIVING IN 2007 when... 1. You accidentally enter your PIN on the microwave. 2. You haven't played solitaire with real cards in years. 3. You have a list of 15 phone numbers to reach your family of three. 4. You e-mail the person who works at the desk next to you. 5. Your reason for not staying in touch with friends and family is that they don't have e-mail addresses. 6. You pull up in your own driveway and use your cell phone to see if anyone is home to help you carry in the groceries. 7. Every commercial on television has a web site at the bottom of the screen. 8. Leaving the house without your cell phone, which you didn't even have the first 20 or 30 (or 60) years of your life, is now a cause for panic and you turn around to go and get it. 10. You get up in the morning and go on line before getting your coffee. 11. You start tilting your head sideways to smile. : ) 12. You're reading this and nodding and laughing. 13. Even worse, you know exactly to whom you are going to forward this message 14. You are too busy to notice there was no #9 on this list. 15. You actually scrolled back up to check that there wasn't a #9 on this list. AND NOW U R LAUGHING at yourself. Go on, forward this to your friends. You know you want to!

Why aren't white males given the recognition they deserve? people ignore the fact that almost every scientific discovery, technological innovation, and everything else on which the modern world depends was created by white males. So How come people deny this? Below is just a fraction of what we have given the world Automobile Atomic bomb Ballistic missile Camerica clocks color television computer combustion engine compact disc compass electric motor guns hydrogen fuel cells ipod Internet Laser disc morse code Nuclear fission & fusion Oral Contraceptive Steam engine And remember that was probaly less then 0.0000001% of all inventions made by white christian males.

Look at these facts and please tell me if they are true?? Stay with this -- the answer is at the end. It will blow you away. One evening a grandson was talking to his grandfather about current events. The grandson asked his grandfather what he thought about the shootings at schools, the computer age, and just things in general. The Grandfather replied, "Well, let me think a minute, I was born before: ' television ' penicillin ' polio shots ' frozen foods ' Xerox ' contact lenses ' Frisbees and ' the pill There were no: ' credit cards ' laser beams or ' point pens Man had not invented: ' pantyhose ' air conditioners ' dishwashers ' clothes dryers ' and the clothes were hung out to dry in the fresh air and ' man hadn't yet walked on the moon Your Grandmother and I got married first, . . . and then lived together. Every family had a father and a mother. Until I was 25, I called every man older than me, "Sir". And after I turned 25, I still called policemen and every man with a title, "Sir." We were before gay-rights, computer- dating, dual careers, daycare centers, and group therapy. Our lives were governed by the Ten Commandments, good judgment, and common sense. We were taught to know the difference between right and wrong and to stand up and do actions. Serving your country was a privilege; living in this country was a bigger privilege. We thought fast food was what people ate during Lent. Having a meaningful relationship meant getting along with your cousins. Draft dodgers were people who closed their front doors when the evening breeze started. Time-sharing meant time the family spent together in the evenings and weekends-not purchasing condominiums. We never heard of FM radios, tape decks, CDs, electric typewriters, yogurt, or guys wearing earrings. We listened to the Big Bands, Jack Benny, and the President's speeches on our radios. And I don't ever remember any kid blowing his brains out listening to Tommy Dorsey. If you saw anything with 'Made in Japan ' on it, it was junk The term 'making out' referred to how you did on your school exam. Pizza Hut, McDonald's, and instant coffee was unheard of. We had 5 &10-cent stores where you co or 5 and 10 cents. Ice-cream cones, phone calls, rides on a streetcar, and a Pepsi were all a nickel. And if you didn't want to splurge, you could spend your nickel on enough stamps to mail 1 letter and 2 postcards. You could buy a new Chevy Coupe for $600, . . . but who could afford one? Too bad, because gas was 11 cents a gallon. In my day: ' "grass" was mowed, ' "coke" was a cold drink, ' "pot" was something your mother cooked in and ' "rock music" was your grandmother's lullaby. ' "Aids" were helpers in the Principal's office, ' " chip" meant a piece of wood, ' "hardware" was found in a hardware store and ' "software" wasn't even a word. A generation to actually believe that a lady needed a husband to have a baby. No wonder people call us "old and confused" and say there is a generation gap... and how old do you think I am? I bet you have this old man in mind...you are in for a shock! Read on to see -- pretty scary if you think about it and pretty sad at the same time. Are you ready ????? This man would be only 59 years old

Where you suprised at the Age? Stay with this -- the answer is at the end. It will blow you away. One evening a grandson was talking to his grandfather about current events. The grandson asked his grandfather what he thought about the shootings at schools, the computer age, and just things in general. The Grandfather replied, "Well, let me think a minute, I was born before: '? color television '? penicillin '? polio shots '? frozen foods '? Xerox '? contact lenses '? Frisbees and '? the pill There were no: '? credit cards '? laser beams or '? ball-point pens Man had not invented: '? pantyhose '? air conditioners '? dishwashers '? clothes dryers '? and the clothes were hung out to dry in the fresh air and '? man hadn't yet walked on the moon Your Grandmother and I got married first, . . . and then lived together. Every family had a father and a mother. Until I was 25, I called every man older than me, "Sir". And after I turned 25, I still called policemen and every man with a title, "Sir." We were before gay-rights, computer-dating, dual careers, daycare centers, and group therapy. Our lives were governed by the Ten Commandments, good judgment, and common sense. We were taught to know the difference between right and wrong and to stand up and take responsibility for our actions. Serving your country was a privilege; living in this country was a bigger privilege. We thought fast food was what people ate during Lent. Having a meaningful relationship meant getting along with your cousins. Draft dodgers were people who closed their front doors when the evening breeze started. Time-sharing meant time the family spent together in the evenings and weekends-not purchasing condominiums. We never heard of FM radios, tape decks, CDs, electric typewriters, yogurt, or guys wearing earrings. We listened to the Big Bands, Jack Benny, and the President's speeches on our radios. And I don't ever remember any kid blowing his brains out listening to Tommy Dorsey. If you saw anything with 'Made in Japan ' on it, it was junk. The term 'making out' referred to how you did on your school exam. Pizza Hut, McDonald's, and instant coffee were unheard of. We had 5 &10-cent stores where you could actually buy things for 5 and 10 cents. Ice-cream cones, phone calls, rides on a streetcar, and a Pepsi were all a nickel. And if you didn't want to splurge, you could spend your nickel on enough stamps to mail 1 letter and 2 postcards. You could buy a new Chevy Coupe for $600, . . . but who could afford one? Too bad, because gas was 11 cents a gallon. In my day: '? "grass" was mowed, '? "coke" was a cold drink, '? "pot" was something your mother cooked in and '? "rock music" was your grandmother's lullaby. '? "Aids" were helpers in the Principal's office, '? "chip" meant a piece of wood, '? "hardware" was found in a hardware store and '? "software" wasn't even a word. And we were the last generation to actually believe that a lady needed a husband to have a baby. No wonder people call us "old and confused" and say there is a generation gap... and how old do you think I am? I bet you have this old man in mind...you are in for a shock! Read on to see -- pretty scary if you think about it and pretty sad at the same time. Are you ready ????? This man would be only 59 years old. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Click here Search for local singles online @ Lavalife. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- No virus found in this incoming message. Checked by AVG. Version: 8.0.100 / Virus Database: 269.23.7/1411 - Release Date: 2/05/2008 8:02 AM -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- No virus found in this incoming message. Checked by AVG. Version: 8.0.100 / Virus Database: 269.23.7/1411 - Release Date: 2/05/2008 8:02 AM -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Internal Virus Database is out-of-date. Checked by AVG Free Edition. Version: 7.5.516 / Virus Database: 269.23.5/1398 - Release Date: 25/04/08 14:31 Yes it was a bit of a long story, but if you cant handle it, not my problem Space Desperado Fair comment, but why did YOU waste my time answering a question that was a waste of time???????

write a note on electronic entertainment in 100 words? using computer television music systems laser shows

Monitors Plz help me out thanks? 1. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a LCD monitor? They are more energy friendly then the CRT monitor They are easier on the eye then the CRT monitor They are bulkier then the CRT monitor 2. VGA connections use what type of signals to communicate from the video card to the monitor? Digital signals Analog signals Light signals Traffic signals 3. A resolution setting of 800 x 600 means that the screen is set to display 800 pixels wide by 600 pixels high. True False 4. CRT Monitors are usually less expensive than LCD Monitors True False 5. A DVI-I connection converts analog signals into digital signals to accommodate both analog and digital monitors. True False 6. A 17 inch LCD display is comparable to a 19 inch CRT display. True False 7. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of a CRT monitor? CRT monitors consume less power than LCD monitors. CRT monitors are more durable and rugged than LCD monitors CRT monitors are usually less expensive than LCD monitors. CRT monitors handle multiple resolutions ( i.e. 800x600 , 1024x768, 1280x1024) better than LCD monitors. 8. CRT is short for___________. Conduit Radiation Technology Cathode Ray Tube Cable Radio Television Cable Radiation Transmitter 9. LCD is short for ________________. Liquid Crystal Display Liquid Cable Digitizers Longitudinal Crystal Display Laser Conduit Display 10. The following paragraph is the proper explanation of how a CRT monitor works. A CRT works by moving an electron beam back and forth across the back of the screen. Each time the beam makes a pass across the screen, it lights up phosphor dots on the inside of the glass tube. This process illuminates the active portions of the screen. By drawing many such lines from the top to the bottom of the screen, it creates the image on the screen. True False

When will Americans realize that they are living in a planet with limited resources? I compared my expenses with energy and yours, and noticed that even living in a three-store house with computer, television and many electronic equipments I still use only 1/4 of the avarage consumption in America. When will you stop to do this polluting orgy? I thought that to achieve your consumption I should install a laser over the roof that could hit the clouds. You should have some classes about environmental care. The entire planet is complaining of your behavior, but you aren't realizing it. Many countries (includding mine) will be severely affected by your pollution. I saw many articles saying that americans are completely disconnected of the serious environmental problems that they are causing. How many bullshit!!!! I'm sorry to say, but you are incredible stupid to a "first-world" country. Another brainwash of your government? Malthusean nonsense cannot be applied to your wastefullness. It could be a valid argument if everything that you're using came from renewable sources. But you are destroying the planet, and not making more with less.

Are these supposedly "false advices" regarding proper eye care really untrue? What do you think? As I was reading Joyce M. Black’s Medical Surgical Nursing, 7th Edition, I read a boxed article which caught my attention. The article read as follows: Common Misconception about vision and the Eyes The following statements are often passed along as “advice.” All of the following are false: 1. Reading in the dark is harmful to the eyes 2. Children will outgrow crossed eyes. 3. A cataract is a film growing over the surface of the eye. 4. Cataracts must ripen before they are removed. 5. The surgeon takes out the eye to operate it. 6. A person with failing eyesight should avoid reading to save the eyes. 7. Children must be cautioned not to sit too close to the television. 8. Wearing someone else’s eyeglasses may damage your eyes. 9. Misuse of the eyes in childhood results in the need for eyeglasses later in life. 10. Cataracts can be removed by a laser. 11. Emotional stress increases intraocular pressure. I know that some of the items presented are actually fallacious… but I’ve always though of items number 1, 7, 8 and 9 as facts. How come these items are actually false? Please tell me what you think. As much as possible, please give scientific rationales. Thank you and good day!

Do you want the future, REALLY? My question is, do you look forward to the future or do you want everything (mostly everything) to stay the way it is. I'm all for the advancement of medical science and eco-protectionism, but I'm kinda concerned about the rest of the future. Flying cars are just too....futurey. Does anyone really want buildings made of chrome, laser guns, more advanced and deadly military hard ware (isnt the A-bomb enough?), more depletion of natural resources, the solving of every single mystery we have on this earth and in space, and television screens that can be intergrated anywhere in your home with nano tech? I don't need a TV that I can watch in my granite countertop! A lot of people think that change is good and advancing of technology is good, but do you ever think there can be too much advancement? Aren't you doing just great with your current TV?

How am i going to do this in turbo c? im planning to make a simple pc builder program.. The user must choose 13 hardware and each hardware has six model.. ex. Monitor: 1. 15 inch lcd 20$ 2. 17 inch lcd 25$ 3. 20 inch lcd 30$ 4. 22 inch lcd 35$ 5. 25 inch lcd 40$ 6. choose this if you to choose the next hardware.. processor: 1. Intel 1.80 ghz 100$ 2. intel 2.00 ghz 120$ 3. intel 2.40 ghz 130$ 4. intel 2.50 ghz 140$ 5. intel 3.00 ghz 150$ 6. Choose this to choose the next hardware. Here is the program that i make.. and i dont know how to continue.. i will just gonna put 2 hardwares.. #include<stdio.h> main() { int A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K,L,M,N,O; clrscr(); printf("\n MONITOR"); printf("\n"); printf("\n A visual display unit, often called simply a monitor or display,"); printf("\nis a piece of electrical equipment which displays images generated"); printf("\nfrom the video output of devices such as computers, without"); printf("\nproducing a permanent record. Its like a Television that you use in"); printf("\nyour houses."); printf("\n"); printf("\nChoose your monitor(These are all LCD Monitors and Widescreen):"); printf("\n"); printf("\n 1. Size:17inches Price:6000 "); printf("\n 2. Size:19inches Price:9150 "); printf("\n 3. Size:22inches Price:10500 "); printf("\n 4. Size:26inches Price:21500 "); printf("\n 5. Size:28inches Feature:Built-in Speakers Price:29500 "); printf("\n 6. If don't want monitor, choose this."); printf("\n"); printf("\n"); printf("\n"); printf("\n"); printf("\n"); printf("\n"); printf("\n"); printf("\nEnter the number of the monitor that you want:"); scanf("%d",&A); clrscr(); printf("\n KEYBOARD"); printf("\n"); printf("\n In computing, a keyboard is an input device, partially modeled after the typwriter keyboard, which uses an arrangement of buttons and keys, which act as electronic switches. A keyboard typically has characters engraved or"); printf("\nprinted on the keys and each press of a key typically corresponds to a single written symbol. However, to produce some symbols requires pressing and holding several keys simultaneously or in sequence. While most keyboard keys"); printf("\nproduce letters, numbers or signs (characters), other keys or simultaneous key presses can produce actions or computer commands."); printf("\n"); printf("\n"); printf("\nChoose your keyboard:"); printf("\n"); printf("\n 1. Genius KB 110 Desktop Keyboard Price:240"); printf("\n 2. A4tech Ultra Slim KBS-720 PS2 Price:300"); printf("\n 3. A4tech Ultra Slim KBS-720 USB (W/B) Price:350"); printf("\n 4. Logitech Classic Keyboard (Spill Resistant Price: 300"); printf("\n 5. Logitech Cordless Desktop Wave Laser Price: 3450"); printf("\n 6. If don't want keyboard, choose this."); printf("\n"); printf("\n"); printf("\n"); printf("\nEnter the number keyboard that you want:"); .................... and so on.. i want to end it like this ________________________ You choose This hardwares: 2. printf("\n 1. Size:17inches Price:6000 "); 3.printf("\n 3. A4tech Ultra Slim KBS-720 USB (W/B) Price:350"); TOTAL: 6350$ ______________________________________... I want to show the chosen hardware and its total cost.. But i dont know how to do it..T_T please help. * 15 hours ago * - 3 days left to answer. Additional Details 15 hours ago i think i need to use switch/case statement for this.. but how am i gonna do that? please give me an example for my program... i know that it is really easy but im only a newbie.. tnx

Above ye, your protection is built. What think you of this simple work? The Roofer Hammer fat grey nails through asphalt Black tar Its smell infecting you Makes your ice-water taste like dying lungs The sun’s fire is focused, A laser beam on your head The back of your neck, You slowly cook as you hammer, hammer, hammer The black floor you stand on is solid and your footing is sure There is no fear of falling As indeed the height is more background, distant television And every so often a pause, You stand and look up at the sun Then down, on the subjects below: You feel like a king in that brief moment in glorious light Back to work then, Tar-infused sips of water And the hammering The constant hammering, The pounding on the heads below…. God, it’s hot today….

A Bush Family Member posted the following.How many mistakes can you find? Have You Ever Noticed, Most Countries Make Money From Copying U.S. Inventions? AMERICAN INVENTIONS: (Everything on this list is proven to be an American invention.) (This was posted by reporter_on_the_streetsss.) Electronic televisions (http://www.tvhistory.tv/philo.htm... ), email, transistors, microwave oven, tobacco cigarette, refrigerator, lcd screens, plasma TVs, computer chips, lightbulb, fluorescent light, electronic calculators, VCR, harddrive, internet, telephone, cellphone, satellite communication, portable communication radios(walkie talkie), digital satellites, stabilized rubber(shoes, condoms, tires, etc), nuclear powerplants, moon rovers, martian rovers, digital music(a/d converters), inkjet printers, laser printers, copy machine, best modern medicines, iron furnace stove, electric stove, air conditioning, airplane(engine-powered), animation (motion-picture), aspartame(sugarless sweetner), assembly line, automated teller machine (ATM), prepared baby food, bag (flat-bottomed paper), bandage (adhesive), barcode, barbed wire, blood bank, blow dryer, bra, bread slicing machine, portable camera, food cans, can openers, cardboard (corrugated). carbon 14 dating, cash register, cat litter, mail order catalogs, breakfast cereal, chewing gum, laptop computer, personal computer, oral contraceptives, cotton gin, crayons, credit card, heart defibrillator, smoke detector, artificial diamond, disposable diapers, dishwasher, drinking fountain, electric chair, modern rocket, escalator, fiberglass, freeze dried food, frozen food, genetic engineering, electric guitar, coat hanger(wire), electric iron, jeans, jello, kevlar, laundromat, laser, lipstick, LED, electric motor, morse code, nylon, paper towel, parking meter, phonograph (records), petroleum jelly, Post-it Notes, potato chips, car radio, electric razor, safety razor, revolver (gun), remote control(television), roller coaster, safety pin, Scotch tape, stapler, first successful steamboat, drinking straw, sunscreen, tampon(cotton), teflon, telegraph, toilet tissue, disposable tissue, tractor, automatic signal lights, viagra, video games, washing machine(electric), digital watches, zipper, high level computer languages, computer databases, handheld computers, optical recording and playback (used in DVD and CD ), glass bottle making machine, CCD(digital chips used in all digital cameras) which are used to convert light into pictures(also used in missiles made by the U.S., Russia, and Europe), DSL, CAT Scans "diagnostic X ray systems", laser ranging, laser multiplexing, air brakes, silicon solar cells, digital light processor, digital signal processor(used in all digital telephones), fiber optic wire, nearly all types of lasers, MASER, first laser medical treatments, microprocessor, automated telephone switches, radiator, modem, word processor, ethernet, computer mouse and computer windows, I'll start - light bulb & rubber were invented by Brits. TV by a Scotsman. Motion picture invented by Lumiere Bros from France The telephone - do you learn nothing in the US Alexander graham Bell was Scottish. Electric Motor invented by a Brit. Radiator uinvented by an Italien born German who lived in Russia.

Is science worse than religion? I have read often on Y!A that Christianity/Islam and religion in general is the worst thing to ever happen to humanity. It's often stated that more people have been killed in the name of religion than from anything else. How naive. People will kill for country, their King, for land, power, resources, etc..Religion is just an easy excuse. The real reason is that it's just in our nature. So my contention is that religion, and ALL it's wars will never be able to destroy the earth, only science will achieve this. Without science and the technologies that come from it, there would be NO: laser guided nuclear tipped missles, cars / industry that produce Global Warming, mass deforestation, WWI, WWII, War in Iraq, Guns, Televisions that pollute our minds with garbage, Multi-Billion Dollar Global Corporations, etc..etc..etc... When Religion ruled this planet, we just killed other people, once "science" came around, we started killing everything and will destroy earth And if you are going to say that "people" destroy, not science and technology, the same can be said of religion, except that religion didn't invent the atom bomb. hey karate, that isn't an answer...2 points is all you wanted i guess Just for clarification, I firmly believe in the benefits of faith in God, and I'm a Christian. This question is aimed more for the non-religious / anti-religious chaz 420, what good is all that stuff if we're all DEAD. One more time...People Kill..not God. I don't want to live in cave, just want to know if medicines and vaccines are worth anything if Global Warming KILLS everything. NO SCIENCE - NO NUKES!! get it? weemaryanne I hope you're right, I hope that we never have to see a day when a nuke destroys entire cities...oops that's already happened...enjoy your coffee...

Have You Ever Noticed, Most Countries Make Money From Copying U.S. Inventions? AMERICAN INVENTIONS: (Everything on this list is proven to be an American invention.) (This was posted by reporter_on_the_streetsss.) Electronic televisions (http://www.tvhistory.tv/Philo.htm ), email, transistors, microwave oven, tobacco cigarette, refrigerator, lcd screens, plasma TVs, computer chips, lightbulb, fluorescent light, electronic calculators, VCR, harddrive, internet, telephone, cellphone, satellite communication, portable communication radios(walkie talkie), digital satellites, stabilized rubber(shoes, condoms, tires, etc), nuclear powerplants, moon rovers, martian rovers, digital music(a/d converters), inkjet printers, laser printers, copy machine, best modern medicines, iron furnace stove, electric stove, air conditioning, airplane(engine-powered), animation (motion-picture), aspartame(sugarless sweetner), assembly line, automated teller machine (ATM), prepared baby food, bag (flat-bottomed paper), bandage (adhesive), barcode, barbed wire, blood bank, blow dryer, bra, bread slicing machine, portable camera, food cans, can openers, cardboard (corrugated). carbon 14 dating, cash register, cat litter, mail order catalogs, breakfast cereal, chewing gum, laptop computer, personal computer, oral contraceptives, cotton gin, crayons, credit card, heart defibrillator, smoke detector, artificial diamond, disposable diapers, dishwasher, drinking fountain, electric chair, modern rocket, escalator, fiberglass, freeze dried food, frozen food, genetic engineering, electric guitar, coat hanger(wire), electric iron, jeans, jello, kevlar, laundromat, laser, lipstick, LED, electric motor, morse code, nylon, paper towel, parking meter, phonograph (records), petroleum jelly, Post-it Notes, potato chips, car radio, electric razor, safety razor, revolver (gun), remote control(television), roller coaster, safety pin, Scotch tape, stapler, first successful steamboat, drinking straw, sunscreen, tampon(cotton), teflon, telegraph, toilet tissue, disposable tissue, tractor, automatic signal lights, viagra, video games, washing machine(electric), digital watches, zipper, high level computer languages, computer databases, handheld computers, optical recording and playback (used in DVD and CD ), glass bottle making machine, CCD(digital chips used in all digital cameras) which are used to convert light into pictures(also used in missiles made by the U.S., Russia, and Europe), DSL, CAT Scans "diagnostic X ray systems", laser ranging, laser multiplexing, air brakes, silicon solar cells, digital light processor, digital signal processor(used in all digital telephones), fiber optic wire, nearly all types of lasers, MASER, first laser medical treatments, microprocessor, automated telephone switches, radiator, modem, word processor, ethernet, computer mouse and computer windows, For Yes to democrats: England gladly accepted nuclear submarine missiles the U.S. gave to them within the last few years. You should be thankful. Clinton would never help out England in such a way. Electronic televisions were invented in America. http://www.tvhistory.tv/Philo.htm "They achieved the first fully electronic television picture on September 7, 1927, with the transmission of a straight line. Later that year, they successfully transmitted a 'puff of smoke' from Cliff's cigarette.' An American invented refigeration: "Perkins also invented an early refrigerator (really an ether ice machine). " http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bljacobperkins.htm America invented the electronic calculator. Any references to an 1960's english calculator are irrelevant: "In 1954, IBM, in the U.S.A., demonstrated a large all-transistor calculator and, in 1957, the company released the first commercial all-transistor calculator" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculator#The_development_of_electronic_calculators The U.S. invented the VCR. They were custom machines used by TV show makers to record shows for storage or later playback. An American (Jack Mullen) invented the technology sold by Ampex. "Ampex revolutionised the radio and recording industry with its famous Model 200 tape deck, developed directly from Mullin's modified Magnetophones" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Mullin Jack Mullen and Wayne R. Johnson invented the electronics to record video onto audio tapes. "Bing Crosby Enterprises (BCE) gave the world's first demonstration of a videotape recording in Los Angeles on November 11, 1951. Developed by John T. Mullin and Wayne R. Johnson since 1950" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videotape#Open_reel The integrated circuit was invented in America. Drummer's attempt (1956) at making one didn't work. "The first integrated circuits were manufactured independently by two scientists: Jack Kilby [American] of Texas Instruments filed a patent for a "Solid Circuit" made of germanium on February 6, 1959. Kilby received patents U.S. Patent 3,138,743 , U.S. Patent 3,138,747 , U.S. Patent 3,261,081 , and U.S. Patent 3,434,015"..."Robert Noyce[American] of Fairchild Semiconductor was awarded a patent for a more complex "unitary circuit" made of Silicon on April 25, 1961. " http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuit#The_birth_of_the_IC Microwave oven: America invented the microwave oven using American technology. A microwave oven works on the principle of using microwaves (generated from another American invention) to move and create friction mainly in water molecules in food. Sounds simple to make but it is not. One of the most difficult problems was finding the microwave frequency that worked best for heating water. It was a problem because the inventor only had access to 1940's technology. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwave_oven. About magnetrons ("microwave generators"), they were invented in America. Modified ones were used by England during WW2. "two-pole magnetrons were developed in the 1920s by Albert Hull at General Electric's Research Laboratories (Schenectady, New York)" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavity_magnetron#History Also a important American invention is the Audion: "De Forest is one of the fathers of the "electronic age", as the Audion helped to usher in the widespread use of electronics" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_DeForest The first working transistor was invented in America. It was one of the most important inventions of the 20th century. "John Bardeen and Walter Brattain and William Shockley received the Nobel Prize in 1956 for the invention of the transistor." http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa061698.htm http://www.pbs.org/transistor/background1/events/miraclemo.html http://www.cedmagic.com/history/transistor-1947.html Edison invented the first "working" lightbulb. He received two patents for it.

What do all these things have in common? television electric traffic light odometer headphones hearing aid audiometer stereo sound video games transistor radio modern word processor CD/DVD technology electric guitar department store fry sauce scrapbooking Zip drive repeating rifle ("Browning rifle") automatic shotgun Browning NetWare (Network Operating System) condominums women's buttonless one-piece bathing suit photopermeable swimsuit flatbed scanner DOOM, Quake, Civilization, Age of Empires, etc. artificial heart ( and the first recipient of it) heart bypass machine used in open heart surgery numerous patents for beam-surface processes (in free-electron lasers) Slurry (aqueous) explosives tetrahedron press synthetic diamonds Sorenson video codec various bionic body parts Absolute Rate Theory of chemical reactions mechanism of ATP synthesis Soil physics mathaowny... Close....but you'll be QUITE suprised that not only were they created by science, but by Mormons. http://www.adherents.com/largecom/fam_lds_inv.html Did I SAY that the coil was invented by a mormon? No, the TV was. That's like saying that a car cannot be built without an engine...but you always give credit to the first car manufacturer and not the engine designer...don't you?

What has taken man so long ? IF, as evolutionists claim, the earth is billions of years old, and mankind has evolved from a lower and simpler form of life, then why has mankind gone from writing upon stones to laser printers in just the past 3,500 years? When God gave Moses the Ten Commandments, they were written upon stone. It is abundantly clear that the Egyptians carved messages into stone (hieroglyphics). So why is it that mankind has only discovered better inventions in the past few thousand years? If mankind had evolved, as evolutionists claim, then why didn't man discover ink a million years ago? Think about it. This is an astonishing thought--There were NO planes, cars, computers, refrigerators, electricity, lights, gas, powered-equipment, telephones, recording devices, CD players, MP3 players, electric razors, televisions, record players, movie cameras, or a million other modern technological inventions--just a mere 170 years ago. Civilization has advanced from utter primitiveness to incredible mind-boggling achievements in just a little over 100 years. So why didn't mankind discover any of this stuff 100,000,000 years ago, or 100,000 years ago for that matter?

if evolution is true...? If the earth is billions of years old, and mankind has evolved from a lower and simpler form of life, then why has mankind gone from writing upon stones to laser printers in just the past 3,500 years? When God gave Moses the Ten Commandments, they were written upon stone. It is clear that the Egyptians carved messages into stone (hieroglyphics). So why is it that mankind has only discovered better inventions in the past few thousand years? If mankind had evolved, as evolutionists claim, then why didn't man discover ink a million years ago? There were no planes, cars, computers, refrigerators, electricity, lights, gas, powered-equipment, telephones, recording devices, CD players, MP3 players, electric razors, televisions, record players, movie cameras, or a million other modern technological inventions--just a mere 170 years ago. Civilization has advanced from utter primitiveness to incredible mind-boggling achievements in just a little over 100 years. So why didn't mankind discover any of this stuff 100,000,000 years ago, or 100,000 years ago for that matter?

Can you help me to combine the sentences? 1. It was a thrilling experience to meet the author of the book. We had been reading the book all semester. 2. People are interesting to watch. People use body language to express themselves. 3. She plans to marry her childhood sweetheart. She has known him sice they were five years old. 4. Student will be placed on probation. Their grade point averages fall below 2.0. 5. Laser beams were first predicted in science fiction stories seventy-five years ago. Laser beams are useful in both medicine and industry. 6. An antecedent is a word. A pronoun refers to this word. 7. When I take a vacation, I like to go to a place. There are no phones, computers or televisions there. I‘m a English as Second Language student, These sentences should use the second sentence as an adjective clause. I think about it long time, but I can not get the answers ,can you help me?

How am i going to do this in turbo c? im planning to make a simple pc builder program.. The user must choose 13 hardware and each hardware has six model.. ex. Monitor: 1. 15 inch lcd 20$ 2. 17 inch lcd 25$ 3. 20 inch lcd 30$ 4. 22 inch lcd 35$ 5. 25 inch lcd 40$ 6. choose this if you to choose the next hardware.. processor: 1. Intel 1.80 ghz 100$ 2. intel 2.00 ghz 120$ 3. intel 2.40 ghz 130$ 4. intel 2.50 ghz 140$ 5. intel 3.00 ghz 150$ 6. Choose this to choose the next hardware. Here is the program that i make.. and i dont know how to continue.. i will just gonna put 2 hardwares.. #include<stdio.h> main() { int A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K,L,M,N,O; clrscr(); printf("\n MONITOR"); printf("\n"); printf("\n A visual display unit, often called simply a monitor or display,"); printf("\nis a piece of electrical equipment which displays images generated"); printf("\nfrom the video output of devices such as computers, without"); printf("\nproducing a permanent record. Its like a Television that you use in"); printf("\nyour houses."); printf("\n"); printf("\nChoose your monitor(These are all LCD Monitors and Widescreen):"); printf("\n"); printf("\n 1. Size:17inches Price:6000 "); printf("\n 2. Size:19inches Price:9150 "); printf("\n 3. Size:22inches Price:10500 "); printf("\n 4. Size:26inches Price:21500 "); printf("\n 5. Size:28inches Feature:Built-in Speakers Price:29500 "); printf("\n 6. If don't want monitor, choose this."); printf("\n"); printf("\n"); printf("\n"); printf("\n"); printf("\n"); printf("\n"); printf("\n"); printf("\nEnter the number of the monitor that you want:"); scanf("%d",&A); clrscr(); printf("\n KEYBOARD"); printf("\n"); printf("\n In computing, a keyboard is an input device, partially modeled after the typwriter keyboard, which uses an arrangement of buttons and keys, which act as electronic switches. A keyboard typically has characters engraved or"); printf("\nprinted on the keys and each press of a key typically corresponds to a single written symbol. However, to produce some symbols requires pressing and holding several keys simultaneously or in sequence. While most keyboard keys"); printf("\nproduce letters, numbers or signs (characters), other keys or simultaneous key presses can produce actions or computer commands."); printf("\n"); printf("\n"); printf("\nChoose your keyboard:"); printf("\n"); printf("\n 1. Genius KB 110 Desktop Keyboard Price:240"); printf("\n 2. A4tech Ultra Slim KBS-720 PS2 Price:300"); printf("\n 3. A4tech Ultra Slim KBS-720 USB (W/B) Price:350"); printf("\n 4. Logitech Classic Keyboard (Spill Resistant Price: 300"); printf("\n 5. Logitech Cordless Desktop Wave Laser Price: 3450"); printf("\n 6. If don't want keyboard, choose this."); printf("\n"); printf("\n"); printf("\n"); printf("\nEnter the number keyboard that you want:"); .................... and so on.. i want to end it like this ________________________ You choose This hardwares: 2. printf("\n 1. Size:17inches Price:6000 "); 3.printf("\n 3. A4tech Ultra Slim KBS-720 USB (W/B) Price:350"); TOTAL: 6350$ ______________________________________________________ I want to show the chosen hardware and its total cost.. But i dont know how to do it..T_T please help. i think i need to use switch/case statement for this.. but how am i gonna do that? please give me an example for my program... i know that it is really easy but im only a newbie.. tnx

amazing weird, odd facts? In the 1400's a law was set forth in England that a man was allowed to beat his wife with a stick no thicker than his thumb. Hence we have 'the rule of thumb' ------------------------------------------- Many years ago in Scotland , a new game was invented. It was ruled 'Gentlemen Only...Ladies Forbidden'..and thus the word GOLF entered into the English language. ------------------------------------------- The first couple to be shown in bed together on prime time TV were Fred and Wilma Flintstones. ------------------------------------------- Every day more money is printed for Monopoly than the U.S . Treasury. ------------------------------------------- Men can read smaller print than women can; women can hear better. ------------------------------------------- Coca-Cola was originally green. ------------------------------------------- It is impossible to lick your elbow. ------------------------------------------- The State with the highest percentage of people who walk to work: Alaska ------------------------------------------- The percentage of Africa that is wilderne ss: 28% (now get this...) ------------------------------------------- The percentage of North America that is wilderness: 38% ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The cost of raising a medium-size dog to the age of eleven: $ 16,400 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The average number of people airborne over the U.S. In any given hour: 61,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Intelligent people have more zinc and copper in their hair. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The first novel ever written on a typewriter: Tom Sawyer. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The San Francisco Cable cars are the only mobile Natio nal Monuments. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Each king in a deck of playing cards represents a great king from history: Spades - King David Hearts - Charlemagne Clubs -Alexander, the Great Diamonds - Julius Caesar ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 111,111,111 x 111,111,111 = 12,345,678,987,654,321 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ If a statue in the park of a person on a horse has both front legs in the air, the person died in battle. If the horse has one front leg in the air the person died as a result of wounds received in battle. If the horse has all four legs on the ground, the person died of natural causes. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Only two people signed the Declaration of Independence on July 4th, John Hancock and Charles Thomson. Most of the rest signed on August 2, but the last signature wasn't added until 5 years later. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q. Half of all Americans live within 50 miles of what? A. Their birthplace ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q. Most boat owners name their boats. What is the most popular boat name requested? A. Obsession ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q. If you were to spell out numbers, how far would you have to go until you would find the letter 'A'? A. One thousand ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q. What do bulletproof vests, fire escapes, windshield wipers, and laser printers all have in common? A. All were invented by women. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q. What is the only food that doesn't spoil? A. Honey ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q. Which day are there more collect calls than any other day of the year? A. Father's Day ------------------------------------------------------------ In Shakespeare's time, mattresses were secured on bed frames by ropes. When you pulled on the ropes the mattress tightened, making the bed firmer to sleep on. Hence the phrase......... 'goodnight, sleep tight.' ------------------------------------------------------------------------ It was the accepted practice in Babylon 4,000 years ago that for a month after the wedding, the bride's father would supply his son-in-law with all the mead he could drink. Mead is a honey beer and because their calendar was lunar based, this period was called the honey month, which we know today as the honeymoon. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ In English pubs, ale is ordered by pints and quarts... So in old England , when customers got unruly, the bartender would yell at them 'Mind your pints and quarts, and settle down.' It's where we get the phrase 'mind your P's and Q's' ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Many years ago in England , pub frequenters had a whistle baked into the rim, or handle, of their ceramic cups. When they needed a refill, they used the whistle to get some service. 'Wet your whistle' is the phrase inspired by this practice. ------------------ ------------------------------------------------------ At least 75% of people who read this will try to lick their elbow! ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Don't delete this just because it looks weird. Believe it or not, you can read it. I cdnuolt blveiee taht I cluod aulaclty uesdnatnrd waht I was rdanieg. The phaonmneal pweor of the hmuan mnid Aoccdrnig to rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn't mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoatnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer be in the rghit pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit a porbelm. Tihs is bcus eae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe. Amzanig huh? ------------------------------------------------------------------------ YOU KNOW YOU ARE LIVING IN 200 7 when... 1. You accidentally enter your PIN on the microwave. 2. You haven't played solitaire with real cards in years. 3. You have a list of 15 phone numbers to reach your family of three 4. You e-mail the person who works at the desk next to you. 5. Your reason for not staying in touch with fri ends and family is that they don't have e-mail addresses. 6. You pull up in your own driveway and use your cell phone to see if anyone is home to help you carry in the groceries. 7. Every commercial on television has a web site at the bottom of the screen 8. Leaving the house without your cell phone, which you didn't even have the first 20 or 30 (or 60) years of your life, is now a cause for panic and you turn around to go and get it. 10. You get up in the morning and go on line before getting your coffee. 11. You start tilting your head sideways to smile. : ) 12. You're reading this and nodding and laughing. 13. Even worse, you know exactly to whom you are going to forward this message. 14. You are too busy to notice there was no #9 on this list. 15. You actually scrolled back up to check that there wasn't a #9 on this list. ~~~~~~~~~~~AND FINALLY~~~~~~~~~~~~ NOW U R LAUGHING at yourself. Go on, forward this to your friends. You know you want to! Proverbs 8: "for whoever finds me (wisdom) finds life, and receives favor from the Lord"

Interesting Facts?

After-effects of cataract operation? My mom who is 61 years old underwent cataract surgery 3 years ago. Nowadays she experiences a lot of strain if she views television or uses a computer. She says that text and objects on the screen and in the books, newspapers appear blurry . She recently went for a routine checkup and the ophthalmologist who examined her said that there is a skin-like growth around her artificially implanted lens which needs to be rectified using a laser. He has said that it's nothing serious. Has anyone else experienced this problem? If so, what advice did your doctor give? And did your vision improve after the treatment? I would prefer if qualified ophthalmologists could give some of their suggestions and answer this question.

i need help with computers!!! please help ASAP.? 1.Which of the following is not a characteristic of a LCD monitor? A-They are more energy friendly then the CRT monitor B-They are easier on the eye then the CRT monitor C-They are bulkier then the CRT monitor 2.VGA connections use what type of signals to communicate from the video card to the monitor? A-Digital signals B-Analog signals C-Light signals D-Traffic signals 3.A resolution setting of 800 x 600 means that the screen is set to display 800 pixels wide by 600 pixels high. True False 4.CRT Monitors are usually less expensive than LCD Monitors True False 5.A DVI-I connection converts analog signals into digital signals to accommodate both analog and digital monitors. True False 6.A 17 inch LCD display is comparable to a 19 inch CRT display. True False 7.Which of the following is NOT an advantage of a CRT monitor? A-CRT monitors consume less power than LCD monitors. B-CRT monitors are more durable and rugged than LCD monitors C-CRT monitors are usually less expensive than LCD monitors. D-CRT monitors handle multiple resolutions ( i.e. 800x600 , 1024x768, 1280x1024) better than LCD monitors. 8.CRT is short for___________. A-Conduit Radiation Technology B-Cathode Ray Tube C-Cable Radio Television D-Cable Radiation Transmitter 9.LCD is short for ________________. A-Liquid Crystal Display B-Liquid Cable Digitizers C-Longitudinal Crystal Display D-Laser Conduit Display 10.The following paragraph is the proper explanation of how a CRT monitor works. A CRT works by moving an electron beam back and forth across the back of the screen. Each time the beam makes a pass across the screen, it lights up phosphor dots on the inside of the glass tube. This process illuminates the active portions of the screen. By drawing many such lines from the top to the bottom of the screen, it creates the image on the screen. True False

Just for a laugh, some things you may have never known? In the 1400s a law was set forth in England that a man was allowed to beat his wife with a stick no thicker than his thumb. Hence we have 'the rule of thumb' ------------------------------------------- Many years ago in Scotland , a new game was invented. It was ruled 'Gentlemen Only...Ladies Forbidden'...and thus the word GOLF entered into the English language. ------------------------------------------- The first couple to be shown in bed together on prime time TV were Fred and Wilma Flintstone. ------------------------------------------- Every day more money is printed for Monopoly than the U.S. Treasury. ------------------------------------------- Men can read smaller print than women can; women can hear better. ------------------------------------------- Coca-Cola was originally green. ------------------------------------------- It is impossible to lick your elbow. ------------------------------------------- Intelligent people have more zinc and copper in their hair. ------------------------------------------------------- The first novel ever written on a typewriter: Tom Sawyer. ------------------------------------------------------- The San Francisco Cable cars are the only mobile National Monuments. ------------------------------------------------------- Each king in a deck of playing cards represents a great king from history: Spades - King David, Hearts - Charlemagne, Clubs -Alexander, the Great Diamonds - Julius Caesar ------------------------------------------------------- 111,111,111 x 111,111,111 = 12,345,678,987,654,321 ------------------------------------------------------- If a statue in the park of a person on a horse has both front legs in the air, the person died in battle. If the horse has one front leg in the air the person died as a result of wounds received in battle. If the horse has all four legs on the ground, the person died of natural causes.[Kate Durham] I'll try to remember this next time I visit an historic property. ------------------------------------------------------- Q. Most boat owners name their boats. What is the most popular boat name requested? A. Obsession ------------------------------------------------------- Q. If you were to spell out numbers, how far would you have to go until you would find the letter 'A'? A. One thousand ------------------------------------------------------- Q. What do bulletproof vests, fire escapes, windshield wipers, and laser printers all have in common? A. All were invented by women. ------------------------------------------------------- Q. What is the only food that doesn't spoil? A. Honey ------------------------------------------------------- In Shakespeare's time, mattresses were secured on bed frames by ropes. When you pulled on the ropes the mattress tightened, making the bed firmer to sleep on. Hence the phrase.......... 'goodnight, sleep tight.' ------------------------------------------------------- It was the accepted practice in Babylon 4,000 years ago that for a month after the wedding, the bride's father would supply his son-in-law with all the mead he could drink. Mead is a honey beer and because their calendar was lunar based, this period was called the honey month, which we know today as the honeymoon. ------------------------------------------------------- In English pubs, ale is ordered by pints and quarts... So in old England , when customers got unruly, the bartender would yell at them 'Mind your pints and quarts, and settle down.' It's where we get the phrase 'mind your P's and Q's' ------------------------------------------------------- Many years ago in England , pub frequenters had a whistle baked into the rim, or handle, of their ceramic cups. When they needed a refill, they used the whistle to get some service. 'Wet your whistle' is the phrase inspired by this practice. ------------------------------------------------------- At least 75% of people who read this will try to lick their elbow! ------------------------------------------------------- Don't delete this just because it looks weird. Believe it or not, you can read it. I cdnuolt blveiee that I cluod aulaclty uesdnatnrd what I was rdanieg. The phaonmneal pweor of the hmuan mnid Aoccdrnig to rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn't mttaer in what oredr the ltteers in a word are, the olny iprmoatnt tihng is that the first and last ltteer be in the rghit pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses and you can still raed it wouthit a porbelm. This is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the word as a wlohe. Amzanig huh? ------------------------------------------------------- YOU KNOW YOU ARE LIVING IN 2008 when... 1. You accidentally enter your PIN on the microwave. 2. You haven't played solitaire with real cards in years. 3. You have a list of 15 phone numbers to reach your family of three. 4. You e-mail the person who works at the desk next to you. 5. Your reason for not staying in touch with friends and family is that they don't have e-mail addresses. 6. You pull up in your own driveway and use your cell phone to see if anyone is home to help you carry in the groceries. 7. Every commercial on television has a web site at the bottom of the screen 8.. Leaving the house without your cell phone, which you didn't even have the first 20 or 30 (or 60) years of your life, is now a cause for panic and you turn around to go and get it. 10. You get up in the morning and go on line before getting your coffee. 11. You start tilting your head sideways to smile. : ) 12. You're reading this and nodding and laughing. 13. Even worse, you know exactly to whom you are going to forward this message. 14. You are too busy to notice there was no #9 on this list. 15. You actually scrolled back up to check that there wasn't a #9 on this list.

my short story?